Alcoholism and Theme Jake Doesn

The Sun Also Rises Quote Literary Element Commentary can't get away from yourself by moving from one place to ) conflict Jake is trying to explain that you can't find happiness by moving to another place. You have to find happiness within yourself wherever you may be in life. â€Å"l mistrust all frank and simple people, especially when their stories hold together† (12) theme Jake doesn't trust the ones who are upfront and real because he is so used to seeing everyone who is fake. â€Å"This is a good place,† he said. There's a lot of liquor,† I agreed. † (19) characterization From having a hard life, Jake has seem to fallen on alcohol to heal the wounds throughout his life. He is always drinking and being drunk during the story. â€Å"No, I don't like Paris. It's expensive and dirty. † (26) setting Here George explains to Frances how she doesn't like Paris for it is too expensive. Since this book Is placed In the sass's. Everywhere at this time was e xpensive because of WWW â€Å"l was a little drunk.Not drunk in any positive sense but Just enough to be careless. † (29) theme Jake refers to being drunk and he mentions It can be positive. The characters In this kook drink like it essential to living and that it is a great thing. â€Å"He looked a great deal as his compatriot must have looked when he saw the promised land†¦. He had that look of eager. Deserving expectation. † (29) characterization Cohn was looking at Brett because he thought she was absolutely stunning and he had hopes of being with her. â€Å"Couldn't we live together, Brett?Could we Just live together? † â€Å"l don't think so. I'd just trooper you with everybody. † (62) conflict Jake and Brett want to be together but Brett can't live with Sake's disability and she says that she would always cheat on Jake if they did live together. Never fall in love? † â€Å"Always,† said the count. â€Å"l am always In love. † (67) The count says he is always in love, this points out the fact that he is a hopeless romantic and it could also mean he Is not happy with himself so he seeks love to compensate. Friends,† said Mike. â€Å"l had a lot of friends. False friends. Then I had creditors, too. Probably had more creditors than anybody in England. † (141 ) theme Mike has lost all his money from having fake friends. HIS friends were only his friends because of his fortune and wealth. â€Å"Don't you know you're not wanted? † (146) Mike says this to Jake and It shows that Mike Is someone who has no filter on what they say. Whatever he thinks, he says. Under the wine I lost the disgusted feeling and was happy.It seemed they were all such nice people. (150) theme lake uses alcohol to mask his telling an like he wants to believe they are. That his trends aren't nice † ‘Oh, Jake,' Brett said, ‘we could have had such a damned good time together. ‘ ‘Yes,' I sa id. ‘Isn't it pretty to think so? ‘ † (251) conflict Brett and Jake wish that the could be together but they know they can't. If it wasn't for lake's impotence, then they could have a great life together.

The Wave: “Research the original story”

The movie ‘The wave’ is based on a true story that occurred at Cubberely High School, Palo Alto, California. The point of the wave was to experiment and to demonstrate how a typical democratic society can be ‘fascism’. This experiment was performed by Ron Jones; his stage name in the movie was Mr Wegner. Both men were well-known as history teachers and this experiment was introduced as a trial in April 1967 and went horribly wrong. As he failed to get his point across in class, he decided to try an experiment. This experiment began by starting the group called ‘The Third Wave’ in his history class; he told the students that the whole point of it was to remove democracy. Ron Jones tried explaining why the Jews were lead to their death; these deaths were committed by the Germans/Nazi (holocaust). Ron Jones’s main point that he appointed was â€Å"Strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action, strength through pride†. The students soon realised that Democracy puts stress on individuality, which later made these students more interested to remove it from their group ‘The Third Wave’. On the first day of the experiment the group was just going through some ground rules and having discussion. The experiment only intended on being a one day thing but the students were drawn in and wanted to make this over a week. The second day was going over discipline, and this is when the name ‘The Third Wave’ came into it. The name â€Å"The Third Wave†, mis-stating the mythical belief that the third in a series of ocean waves is last and largest (which comes from a traditional sailors' saying that the ninth wave is the largest, as recited in Tennyson's The Coming of Arthur). They ended the day by inventing a salute, which was to resemble the topic of the Nazi regime, and how to obey the leader and his commands. To show respect to the ‘leader’ the students had to stand if a question was raised. By the third day more students were moving to Ron Jones class, the class expanded from 30 students to 43. The students were improving on their academic skills and their attitude towards school. The students became attached to the group ‘The third Wave’ when they were given a members card and all got a task given to complete. The students felt like they belonged to something, many for the first time in their lives. By the end of the day ‘The Third wave’ had over 200 members. Ron Jones was amazed by the commitment and motivation from the students. The students started taking the experiment seriously and students started reporting others when rules were being broken, By Thursday Ron Jones had decided to stop the movement due to it slipping out of his control. The students became so attached; emotionally and physically, this became an issue. Ron Jones announced to the group that the movement was a part of a nationwide movement, and that on the following day a selected member of the wave would announce publicly the existence of ‘The Third Wave’. Ron jones made it clear to all students, that the attendance of the meeting held the next day was compulsory. In the meeting that was held on the Friday, Ron Jones announced to ‘The Third Wave’ that they had actually taken part in a fascism group without even knowing. He explained to them, how easy it is to turn a democracy society into fascism without the students even being aware of their actions. He then followed by showing a movie about the Nazi regime, the students then realised that the groups’ attitude was a lot like the Nazi’s attitude and that Democracy is extremely important. In the movie and books it suggests that Ron Jones was arrested but in fact he wasn’t, he was just fired from the job 2 years later. Ron Jones didn’t expect the experiment to get so out of hand. The story line of ‘The Third Wave’ caught the eye of many film writers and authors; later on it became a much more dramatic storyline.

Tonto’s Dysfunctional Family Tree Essay

America is a multicultural nation. This fact is undeniable. We are a mishmash of people from all parts of the globe, each with a unique story to tell. One of the struggles of being such a diverse nation is that different ethnic groups often fail to understand one another. I believe that cross-cultural writing is a powerful tool that dispels ignorance and fosters greater multicultural understanding. Writing has the power to bring people together. There are many prominent cross-cultural writers in the history of American literature. Each of them has added to a growing genre that explores what it’s like to move to this country in pursuit of the ever-elusive â€Å"American Dream.† Sherman Alexie is one such writer. However, his theme is not one of searching for the â€Å"American Dream.† His theme addresses what happens when the â€Å"American Dream† lands on you. Sherman Alexie is Native American, and his stories expose one of America’s dirty little se crets. In the paragraphs that follow, I will review Alexie’s life, the genre and style in which he writes, and the overall themes of his work. I will analyze the short story, â€Å"Every Little Hurricane†, taken from the anthology, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. Sherman Alexie was born on October 7, 1966 in WellPoint, Washington. He belongs to the Spokane Tribe of American Indians called the Salish Group. At the time of his birth he had hydrocephalus, a disease in which the patient has an excess of cerebrospinal fluid. The only option was to get an operation that he most likely would not survive. Yet despite these dire predictions, he survived an invasive surgery at the tender age of six months. He didn’t just survive; he thrived. Despite chronic seizures related to his condition, Sherman continues to power through life with extreme determination. He learned to read at the age of three and from then on nothing could hold him back. As a teen attending a reservation school Sherman was shocked to discovered his mother’s name inscribed in one of his textbooks. The realization that the school’s books were decades old led to his determination to leave the poverty-stricken reservation and get a thorough education elsewhere. He earned a spot in one of the top high schools in Reardon, Washington, where he was a star student and athlete. He proceeded to the University of Go nzaga, where his dream was to become a physician. After fainting from disgust in his anatomy class, he had to abandon this dream. It was during this dark time period that he  began abusing alcohol. He then changed his major, a decision that was based on his love for poetry and aptitude for writing. This change of direction brought him to Washington State University where he quit drinking and earned a B.A. in American Studies. Sherman Alexie began his professional career in 1990 when his work was published in Hanging Loose magazine. This initial success gave him the incentive to quit drinking at the age of 23, and he’s been sober ever since. His first collection of short stories, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, was published in 1993, and that was just the beginning. In 1995 he launched his career as a novelist with Reservation Blues, an expanded version of the characters introduced in the previously mentioned collection. In 2007 he published a young adult novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. This novel is a reflection of his personal experience growing up on the Reservation. Alexie is the winner of numerous honors and awards including the 2001 PEN/Malamud Award, the 1994 PEN/Hemingway Award, the 2007 National Book Award, and the 2010 PEN/ Faulkner Award (www.fallsapart.com). Alexie is a modern writer who is not bound by a single genre. He has written poetry, novels, screenplays, and most notably short stories. As the dominant Native American short story writer of today, he creates unique imagery through recurrent memories, visions and dream sequences. He utilizes diary entries, faux newspaper articles, and multiple storytellers to tell stories within stories. One example of this is seen in â€Å"Trial of Thomas Build-the–Fire†, where Thomas is personified as a number of historical figures. Alexie also uses cultural figures like Crazy Horse, Jesus Christ, Jimi Hendrix, and the Lone Ranger, to accentuate the complexities of his humble characters. According to Leslie Ullman â€Å"He weaves a curiously soft-blended tapestry of humor, humility, pride and metaphysical provocation out of hard realities†¦ the tin-shack lives, the alcohol dreams, the bad luck and burlesque disasters, and the self-destructive courage of his characters.† (Ruby, M. 2011). I believe Ullman’s comment is right on point. All of the stories in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven challenge the reader intellectually, emotionally and spiritually. Alexie seems to have a two-fold purpose for telling his stories. Firstly, he yearns for all Native Americans to keep their memories and heritage alive through the art of storytelling. Secondly, he communicates how modern Native Americans endure the assault of mainstream  culture on their heritage, imagination and spirit. While his writing is modern, traditional or historical elements like powwows, fancy dancing, alcoholism and poverty, are interwoven throughout. His writing juxtaposes sadness with humor, brutality with kindness, and spirituality with materialism. He depicts numerous prominent characters in this collection, rather than just one or two dominant characters. The compilation contains twenty-two short stories that are loosely interconnected. In the first story, â€Å"Every Little Hurricane†, Alexie introduces themes that play out through the rest of the book, such as poverty, despair, death, alcoholism, humiliation, and the hope of transformation. In this story Al exie explains the choice between remembering the pain of the past, and creating a false reality to avoid that pain. Alexie uses the character Victor, who is nine years old, to explain this struggle. The story is told from Victor’s perspective during a New Year’s Eve party at his parents’ home. Disturbed by the drinking and extreme violence, Victor comforts himself by imagining that a hurricane has caused the destruction, rather than his own tribe. The hurricane is a fitting metaphor because it hits on both the emotional turmoil and social chaos prevalent in Victor’s dysfunctional family. Victor is faced with the decision to either remember what really happened, or forget by instead imagining that a hurricane caused the devastation. Ultimately, he chooses to accept the reality of his disturbing childhood. However, even though he chooses to live in the truth, he resorts to finding comfort in the only way he can, which is between the two unconscious bodies of his drunk parents. Alexie points out that the dysfunction in Victor’s family is the result of a long-standing attitude on the Reservation. Violence has become habitual, and therefore accepted. This point is made when Adolph and Arnold (Victor’s uncles) begin to fight, getting mired in â€Å"a misdemeanor that would remain one even if somebody was to die. . . . [For] one Indian killing another did not create a special kind of storm.† (Alexie, p 3) Alexie implies that American Indians have internalized all of the violence that has been perpetrated against them since their first contact with Europeans, so that even murdering one of their own goes almost unnoticed. The oppression that they have suffered has turned them into silent witnesses. According to Victor, â€Å"They were all witnesses and nothing more.† (Alexie, p 3) As the story continues, Alexie points out that  alcoholism is the most serious problem facing Victor’s tribe. Victor’s most powerful memory is of his father crying over the absence of Christmas presents, while getting drunk to escape the pain of the family’s abject poverty. His father continuously opens and closes an empty wallet â€Å"as if the repetition itself could guarantee change. But it was always empty.† (Alexie, p 5) Alexie shows the pervasiveness of alcoholism with continual references to the smell and taste of sweat, smoke, whiskey and blood. These are constant companions of Victor’s existence, so that he actually believes that â€Å"the alcohol seeping through [his parents] skin might get him drunk, might help him sleep.† (Alexie, p 9) From day one Victor is forc ed to gain survival skills to handle extreme fear and poverty. When he sees â€Å"an old, [drunk] Indian man drowned in a mud puddle at the powwow† (Alexie, p 7) he understands that alcoholism is not his family’s problem alone. It is a problem of his entire culture. After completing The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven it is obvious to me that Sherman Alexie is as Bob Hershon so aptly put it, â€Å"one of the major lyric voices of our time.† (Alexie, p xiii) His writing pulls the cover off of America’s dirty little secret of what life is like growing up on the Reservation. Many critics have vilified him for perpetuating the stereotype of the drunk Indian. This is not so. Alexie doesn’t write about the destructive effects of alcohol on Indians due to some literary stance or prejudiced perspective. Simply put, he is truth telling. I have wracked my brain to come up with an overall theme for this piece of literature. Then it came to me in a flash. Why not use Alexie’s own words, â€Å"I kept trying to figure out the main topic, the big theme, the overarching idea, the epicenter. And it is this: The sons in this book really love and hate their fathers.† (Alexie, p xxii) Works Cited Alexie, Sherman. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. New York, NY:Grove Press, 1993, 2005. Falls Apart, Offical Website, http://www.fallsapart.com, 2013 Johansen, Bruce E. Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood Press, 2010. Ruby, Mary. Authors & Artists for Young Adults Vol. 85. Detroit, Mich: Gale / Cengage Learning, 2011.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Profit Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Profit - Essay Example This paper illustrates that followers of CSR on the other hand state that being socially responsible is more important because of the social contract, as well as the argument that CSR can actually increase profit. Others in favor of CSR say that it is already an obligation, and the issue is simply one of finding ways in which companies can act in ways that are socially responsible. Even companies who agree that CSR is important often have problems putting CSR principles into practice. The main critics of CSR claim that standards of living have greatly improved over the past 100 years and that this improvement is a result of â€Å"the success of free enterprise†. Critics of CSR attack those in favor of it by saying that profit is a needed and helpful advantage of business because it is this very profit which allows businesses to put funds into helping society. The reduction of profits gained by companies caused by CSR can actually have bad effects on society because lesser prof its mean less ability to help society. If companies spend more time paying for functions that make them socially responsible, they will not be able to focus on the profit which is important for shareholders. Without shareholders, the company does not exist, and so it cannot help society by giving it funds. Many people in favor of CSR say that many business ethics of big corporations are unethical, but critics reply by saying that it is unethical for managers to think of anything else than maximizing shareholder profits. Also, making companies responsible for many different aspects of society risks managers and directors being distracted. Critics also say that there is a big difference between taking account of society’s interests and being accountable for society’s interests; only the former element should be imposed on managers and businesses.

Building process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building process - Essay Example Contaminants found in construction sites can either be common contaminants, which are found in every construction site or be on the site because they were previously used in the location. There are many different kinds of contaminants, including metals (such as lead), inorganic compounds (such as cyanide compounds), pesticide, oils and tars, other organic compounds (such as benzene or toluene), fibers, combustible substances, toxic or explosive gases and radioactive waste (Industry Standard Contaminated Construction Sites 2005). These contaminants can affect people's short term health as well as their long term one. The people who are liable to be hurt from them aren't only the workers staying on the site and working on it, but also other people living, working or even passing by! (Hazardous waste sites 2003). Exposure to contamination in soil, water or fumes in the air can "cause harm quickly (acute effects) or cause illness long after exposure (chronic effects)". The exposure may cause different health problems, for instance: headaches and nausea, breathing difficulties, skin rashes, liver or kidney problems and even some types of cancer in the long run. If it alone will not cause it, it will certainly be an important factor in the creation of the disease. In order to avoid this, one must be careful while in a possibly contaminated site refrain from exposure to the contamination, which can be caused by a number of reasons. It is important to evade direct contact of the contaminated materials with the skin and the eyes.

Foundation of European Union Law (Sovereignty of Parliamnent) Essay

Foundation of European Union Law (Sovereignty of Parliamnent) - Essay Example When it joined the European Community, many of the sovereign rights were transferred to the Union. The treaties of European Community and European Union do not have a specific legal base, require or order supremacy of Community Law, but some articles of Community Law clearly imply supremacy. For some specific articles and areas of its treaties and policies, the European Community required transfer or limiting of the sovereignty rights of its Member States to the Community. Some legal matters were completely controlled by the states themselves were no more under their control. (Cuthbert. pp 36-37. 2003) The sources of European Community law, which are its treaties, do not contain any mention of any relationship or prioritizing between the European Union and the national laws. For Monists states this was not a problem as for them all law is equal. One such Monist State is the France where there was no discrimination between the European Community law and the national law. As long as the procedures of constitution are followed, the national courts can make use of the international treaties. On the other hand, for a dualist state like UK there is difference between the national law and international law. For such countries, the national courts cannot apply the international law and treaty but only through domestic legislation. (Cuthbert. pp 36-37. 2003) For the EC treaty to be applied it has to be first made a part of the domestic law. In United Kingdom the EC treaty was incorporated by the European Communities Act 1972 especially ss 2 and 3. The incorporation still does not mean that the issue of prioritizing has been resolved. (Cuthbert. pp 36-37. 2003) The parliamentary sovereignty is the long-established formulation according to which the parliament has the right to make or unmake any law and power to do anything than to bind itself for the future. In case there is a clash between a present and a past custom then the present one has

Marketing strategy and marketing schedule for festival MOVES Assignment

Marketing strategy and marketing schedule for festival MOVES - Assignment Example Also, presence of aerospace, IT, media, financial services and tourism industry provides employment to local community. Arts, sports and architecture are some of other major characteristics of this city. This analysis of city and its characteristics illustrates how local residents pay greater attention to aesthetic attributes of their lifestyle. Current population is about 432, 500 with Bristol being the largest city in the South West (Bristol City Council, 2014). Most of the non-white population comprises of Black, Asian and other ethnic groups along with other recent incumbents from Slovakia, Czech, Poland and Hungary. There are many local celebrations along with Bristol International Balloon Fiesta, Festival of Kites and Air Creations, Bristol Harbour Festival, St. Pauls Carnival and Bristol Festival of Ideas. Music, theatre, museums, art galleries and local graffiti also illustrates local population’s interest in arts and leisure. Due to presence of multiple cultures in this region, diversity and richness is visible in every aspect of life. According to overview provided by Bristol Local Authority, there is a considerable increase in population of children and young peopl e since 2002. The total population also includes about 35, 000 full time students living in Bristol during term time. Also, the individuals under the age of 16 to 64 years have increased by 36, 000 (Bristol City Council, 2014). There is also a considerable change in population due to immigration. Another major part of targeted audience is those living in countries in central Europe and also nearby areas of Bristol. Specific marketing strategies will be devised by analysing demographic characteristics of this segment of targeted audience. Some of the common competitors include government and private event organisers that have been conducting major city events like Balloon Fiesta and Harbour Festival. Since the MOVES

Fundamental concepts of managerial economics Assignment - 1

Fundamental concepts of managerial economics - Assignment Example Changes in the price (P) of the good or service will result only in movement along the demand curve, whereas changes in any of the other demand determinants in the demand function (PS, PC, Y, A, AC, N, CP, PE, and so on) shift the demand curve. When two goods are substitutes, such as Chevy-volt and Toyota Prius, an increase in the price of Chevy-volt, results in an increase in the quantity demanded of Toyota Prius, holding other factors constant, such as the price of Toyota Prius, other prices, income, and so on, or vice versa. The price of a gallon of regular octane gasoline skyrocketed from $3.00 per gallon to $4.10. The previous summer, when gas prices had hovered around $3 per gallon, Americans had cut back only slightly on non-essential driving. In the summer of 2008, with regular gasoline at $4.10 per gallon, not only summer driving vacations but urban commuting itself changed in extraordinary ways. Overall, customer demand by the typical two-person urban household shrank from 16 gallons per week to 11.5 gallons. Faced with $4.10 per gallon gasoline, as ExxonMobil and Shell sought to recover their extraordinary input costs for crude, American consumers decided to vacate their SUVs, join carpools, and ride the buses and trains to work. Urban mass transit system ridership shot up 20 percent in a matter of months. Other Americans purchased fuel efficient hybrids like the Toyota Prius. Several determinants of demand and supply were identified as possible explanations for the spike in gasoline’s equilibrium market price. This therefore lead to the decreases in the demand for SUVs to a point that the Enterprise Rental Car Co. charged various models of rental cars such as SUVs at $37 on one-day return while the subcompacts were charged at $41 on one-day return. This therefore led to the decline in the equilibrium price of SUVs. Cash flows of Investment A have a larger coefficient of variation (0.80) than do cash flows of Investment B (0.50); therefore,

Female genital mutilation and the practice of midwifery Dissertation

Female genital mutilation and the practice of midwifery - Dissertation Example The practices of FGM seem to be barbaric and cruel to Western society and in societies that hold such practices are done with the belief that there is a benefit to stealing the sexual arousal mechanisms from women in order to make them less carnal and more proper. The difficulty comes in trying to honour cultures for their beliefs while motivating them to change those beliefs because of false and dangerous consequences where female sex organs are concerned. Midwifery requires the acceptance of beliefs in concert with the application of good medical and traditional knowledge where childbirth is concerned. Consulting and caring for women who have had FGM requires sensitivity to the cultural beliefs with a firm understanding of how such procedures affect women in reference to their procreative lives. Psychological and medical knowledge is necessary to treat women with both respect and dignity despite any converse beliefs on the subject. While ideally it would be beneficial to abolish th e act of FGM, at this point in time it is still a potential problem that might arise when caring from patients from certain cultures or who come from a history of traumatic circumstances that ended in FGM. The following research proposal will explore the potential for a project in which the subject of FGM is examined through victims of the procedures, through the medical consequences that midwives face when dealing with patients who are victims of FGM, and through examining the balance between the victimisation of women and the cultural belief systems that must be honoured and respected while finding ways to deal with the consequences and offer reparative solutions where possible. 1.2 Background Female genital mutilation, also known as... From this research it is clear that female genital mutilation, also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, has been defined by the World Health Organisation as â€Å"all procedures that involve the partial or total removal of female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons†. Unlike male circumcision, there are no health benefits to female circumcision and often contribute to urination difficulties or difficulty in childbirth later in life. The procedure most often will occur between the ages of birth and 15 and is considered a violation against women by world organisations across agencies. There are an estimated 100 to 140 million women who live with the consequences of the procedure with 92 million living on the African continent. There are four major types of FGM. These types are as follows: †¢ Clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris (a small, sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals) and, in very rare cases, only the prepuce (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoris). †¢ Excision: partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (the labia are "the lips" that surround the vagina). †¢ Infibulation: narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, or outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris. †¢ Other: all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.

Islam religion and christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islam religion and christianity - Essay Example Islam is a monotheistic religion which is considered to be the second largest world religion with over 1 billion followers in the world, the term Islam refers to submission to God. Muslims believe that Muhammad was a prophet who revealed the Quran.They believe that Christians altered text with regard to Moses and Jesus.This paper is an analysis of an interview undertaken on a Muslim male who volunteered to give information regarding religious practices and believes. The following is an analysis of the information provided by the respondent and also an analysis of the differences and similarities that exist between Islam, and Christianity. The interview was undertaken outside a mosque on a Friday afternoon, a believer volunteered to take the interview that entailed taking note of some of the believes and practices of Islam religion, the respondent was briefed on the importance and purpose of the study and this ensured that information was provided for this report.A guiding questionnai re was prepared in order to undertake an interview. This questionnaire was prepared in order to understand the Islam religion. The first question was the description of Islam faith, the respondent stated that Islam believe in One God who was Allah and Mohammed was a prophet, he stated that there were five guidelines and most important features of Islam, this include Shahadah which is a creed that is required to be recited by those converting to Islam and also Muslims recite it in player. The other is Salah and this is a player that Muslims are required to recite five times in one day. The thirst is Sakat which is a financial obligation that entails giving Allah some of the wealth accumulated. The other believe is the fasting in Ramadan, this entails fasting durian the nine month in the Islam calendar for the purpose of asking Allah to forgive sins, provide and protect. Finally is Hajj which is a requirement that Muslims must visit Mecca once in their lifetime. The other question was to determine what the Quran signified and who wrote the holy book, according to the respondent the Quran was dictated to Islam by God through Angel Gabriel, the Quran was never edited and is the original work. it describes the will of God and therefore is the most important icon in Islam religion. The other question was aimed at determining the individual view on other religions especially Christianity, according to the respondent Christians were non believers because they believe in the trinity, Muslims believe in one and only God Allah and that Christians considered Mohammed to be the son of god whereas Mohammad was a prophet. He also stated that Christians consumed pork which Islam considered to be unclean and for this reason Islam was the true religion stating that Christians had altered with the word of God which is the bible, he however stated that Christianity and Islam were similar but Islam was the True religion. He provided information about the origin of Islam, according to him Mohammed started Islam and that he was considered to have ascended into heaven and never died as Christians put it, he stated that Mohammed was born of a virgin and Muslims believe that he would come again. When asked about their believe in the holy war and heaven he stated that Jihad was a fight in the way of God and that anyone who died during such a war is considered to go straight to heaven, he stated that Muslims believed in heaven and hell and people went to heaven only if they were true believers and that their good deeds outweighed their bad deeds on earth, when asked about baptism and the original sin, he stated that Adam is considered a prophet in Islam and that he was righteous and never sinned, he added that when babies are born they are free from any sin and when they reach puberty an account in heaven is opened to record their bad and good

Delivery and Quality in Bar and Restaurant Essay

Delivery and Quality in Bar and Restaurant - Essay Example According to the discussion  DINESERV was redefined from SERVQUAL after Stevens, Knutson and Patton adapted it the tool to the restaurant industry using their acquired experience and knowledge of drafting the LODGSERV. The scholars thus went ahead to use the tool to measure consumer customer’s expectations concerning the quality of service they received in three segments of restaurants vis-à  -vis, casual, fine dining and quick service. They identified the service quality dimensions that were almost similar to those of SERVQUAL except that their order of preference and importance was different. According to DINESERV, the five dimensions of quality services were as follows; reliability, tangibles, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy. The five dimensions were to measure and examine the level of perceptions and expectations in relation to restaurant services such as fine dining restaurants and airport food services.From this paper it is clear that a  research done in Zagr eb city in Croatia using the DINESERV in restaurants revealed that customers` expectations are higher than their perceptions. In this research, a number of questionnaires were distributed to 12 restaurants in the city where the restaurant`s staff helped in distributing the questionnaires to the customers who participated in the study. The data was analysed using the SPSS while the descriptive method was used data to analyse the demographic profiles of respondents and the evaluation of their expectations and perceptions.

The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008 Essay Example for Free

The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008 Essay This novel is broken into segments; the first of which discusses crisis’ that have occurred in the past that are similar to present day crisis’, for example, the Great Depression and the worldwide depression of 2008. The second segment analyzes the current crises, for example, the effects of the Latin American and Asian crisis in the 1900’s. Krugman also brings into light how countries thousands of miles apart have such a large impact on one another like a domino effect, for example, how when Russia experienced a financial crisis and economic reform, it devalued the Brazilian ‘real’, which then in turn effected the United States bond markets. The author uses his knowledge and view to analyze the United States’ and other county’s economic issues. He critiques the mistakes that were made and the warning signs that governments should be aware of and not overlook in order to prevent economic failure. An example was the over confidence in capitalism success due to increase of technology, globalization to third world countries, and the fall of socialism and socialist ideas that were prevalent in international ideologies. This confidence in capitalism blindsided Economists to an approaching depression. Krugman warns that even though an economy may be very strong, they are still subject to fall and should never take warning signs lightly, however these signs may not always be the same for every country. As brought up in the book, it is discussed that perfect solutions for fixing an economy in one country may not work as well, or at all, in another country, for example capitalism success in the United States versus Japan and Mexico. Another example was when the British government devalued the pound and increased the interest rates. This led a strong economic recovery for Britain, but when Mexico tried this same tactic, it had no such success. Britain’s pound was devalued by 15 percent in 1990, thus being dropped from the European Monetary System’s Exchange Rate Mechanism. In 1995, the â€Å"Tequila Crisis† resulted from the mistake of the Mexican government not devaluing the peso enough and the GDP in Mexico dropped 7 percent and depreciated the peso by 15 percent, consequently. This is also an example of the domino effect of economic downfalls in countries impacting others. Even though Argentina’s peso is governed by a separate currency board, since they call their money the peso as well, currency speculation from investors in other countries didn’t regard the currencies as separate, thus negatively impacting the country. Robert Lucas, a professor at the University of Chicago, states that Macroeconomics needs to move forward from depression-prevention since the problem â€Å"had been solved for all practical purposes. â€Å"The Great Moderation† speech, by Ben Bernanke, then provided support to Lucas’ claim by stating that the business cycle problem had diminished, however, Krugman explains that instances similar to the Great Depression have more recently occurred, and in other countries in the 90’s. In the late 1990’s, Thailand caused trouble to the rest of the surrounding Asian countries when they began making lo ans to foreign investors to try and help their struggling economy, consequently leaving them with crippled trade exports. The Thai ‘Baht’ was devalued since these foreign investors were mainly only people who had connections with the government and the interest rates were much higher than other countries in attempt to boost their economy. This stipulation caused the economy to worsen, other countries to loose confidence, and for Thailand to loose investments. Krugman explains that if Thailand hadn’t tried to control the currency and interest rate, the ‘baht’ would have risen instead of causing their poor economy to expedite. Another piece that Krugman brings up is the Hedge funds, which are privately and actively managed investment funds and are subject to the regulatory restrictions of their country. Two examples discussed in the book were with Asia and Russia. Hedge funds were used on Hong Kong’s capitalist government and were forced them to use government intervention and non-capitalist ways to take back their stock market. In Russia, hedge funds were more widely created to excel profits, but consequently, led to their financial collapse. Alan Greenspan, on the Federal Reserves Board of Governors, served from May 1987 to January 2006 and played a large roll in the 2008 crisis. It was believed that he was the best fit for his position because of his vast knowledge of the Great Depression. In the beginning of his term, the economy was stable with low unemployment rates and a rising stock market. Consequently, Greenspan â€Å"let the good times roll† and when the stock market was in a ‘bubble’ he cut interest rates, but to no avail. This caused the unemployment rate to rise for almost three years and the recession to return. The housing bubble then developed in 2006 from the lack of Federal Reserve regulation of savings and loans and the â€Å"Shadow Banking System†. The housing market prices slowly skyrocketed to fifty percent over value but then suddenly dropped up to fifteen percent in the second quarter the following year. Krugman explains how this housing market crash crippled the United States economy, costing millions of Americans their lives as they knew them before. I found this book very appealing considering my vague understanding of the financial system. Although at times I felt lost in the terminology, the majority of the time I was able to comprehend what Krugman was trying to get across to the audience. What I found most compelling was how the book brought into perspective how history has consequently been repeating itself and will only continue to do so. With the examples Krugman gives with the Great Depression, Japan, Mexico, and our own economy deficit in 2008, we can see the errors that are repeatedly made through history. Krugman points out, while constantly questioning, why economic catastrophes keep occurring all over the world if all the signs leading up to them are ever so similar. If Mexico had used Britian as an example, they would have been able to get out of the ‘Tequila Crisis† much quicker. I also found interesting, yet disheartening, the amount of money that is lent to other countries and spent on helping them repair themselves when we ourselves have repairing to do in our economy still. I understand that it is a cyclical effect, and we may not know every detail about what is going on, and for that I have to give the government credit, but at the same time I don’t agree with the amounts given away that we never see any benefit from. Krugman used the example of Russia’s debt and the twenty-two billion given to them for a stabilization plan that was unheard of, and another fourty-one billion emergency bailout funds to Brazil. After reading this book, it has enlightened me about how an economy can get back on its feet and also what signs to look for in our economy so that we don’t repeat the past and we start learning from other country’s mistakes as well. [ 1 ]. Krugman. About Paul. New York Times, n. d. Web. 04 May 2013. [ 2 ]. Hedge Fund. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Mar. 2013. Web. 06 May 2013.

Use of Azithromycin for Asthma Patients

Use of Azithromycin for Asthma Patients Does adding azithromycin to standard therapy for asthma patients with acute exacerbations improve symptom resolution? Background: ÂÂ  Asthma is presented as a chronic long term disease that causes inflammation, narrowing and mucus production in the lungs airways resulting in difficulty breathing. It is assumed to be initiated by genetics or environmental influences. Physical activities and other contributing factors can exacerbate asthmatic symptoms that include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tighten. Most patient symptoms occur at a rapid onset and requires immediate treatment. Asthma is not curable but symptoms can be controlled with appropriate therapy. Patients with asthma are given treatment based on the severity and frequency of symptoms. Therapy options include SABA, LABA, corticosteroids or leukotrienes and adjustments are made as needed. However, many patients still experience uncontrolled symptoms that effect their daily activities. Macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin have been recently studied as adjunct therapy for asthmatics, due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Researchers are geared to believe that untreated bacterial infections within the lungs are the underlying influences of asthma related problems. Despite these findings, the issue is still being investigated as patients on traditional standard therapy are still experiencing unwanted symptoms. Literature Search A literature search was conducted utilizing the MEDLINE database of Pubmed using MESH terms asthma and azithromycin and MESH subheading therapy. The terms were combined using AND which returned 37 articles. The application of additional limitations of 5 years, randomize controlled trials and humans were applied which reduced the search total amount to 17 articles. Although 17 articles were retrieved during the search, each article was evaluated based on their relevancy and criteria, the above article was selected because it addressed the question at hand. Results AZIthromycin in Severe ASThma (AZISAST) was a randomized double-blinded placebo control trial conducted to determine if adding azithromycin to asthmatic patients as standard therapy would be statistically and clinically beneficial.ÂÂ   The trial was conducted from September 2011 to April 2014, as a United Kingdom multicenter study. The study consisted of individuals ages 18-75 that had been diagnosed with persistent asthma. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients whose current therapy included high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, inhaled long acting beta agonist LABAÂÂ   for six months prior to the study, two severe asthma exacerbations required systemic steroid therapy, or if they experienced a lower respiratory tract infection that required antibiotic treatment within a twelve month period2. Subjects were excluded if they had prolong QT interval, severe bronchiectasis, currently receiving macrolide treatment in past three months, laboratory abnormalities, pregnant or b reastfeeding and concomitant anti-IgE treatments2. Participants were randomly selected to receive to 250mg capsules of azithromycin (n=55) and a placebo (n=54) in combination with inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs for six months2. Subjects in both treatment groups were matched in respect to the baseline characteristics. The intervention instructed patients to take one capsule daily for five days and continue with one capsule three times a week with a total treatment period of twenty-six weeks. The primary outcome measured severe asthmatic episodes during the treatment phase in both groups, which was defined as hospitalization, emergency department visits, and the utilization of systemic corticosteroids for three days2. Secondary outcomes measured lung function (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) quality of life (QOL) and asthma control score2. Analyzing the secondary outcomes, the azithromycin group reported a number of thirty exacerbations occurred in comparison to twenty-seven form the placebo group. (p=1.000)2. Additionally, azithromycin and placebo group experience two hospitalization admission due to exacerbations (p=1.000)2. Other efficacy outcomes showed there was no significant improvement in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score between both groups. The treatment period lasted for six months and demonstrated no significant difference between the azithromycin group and the placebo group in relation to asthma exacerbations. The estimated primary endpoints without adjustments resulted in 0.71 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.97) in the azithromycin group and 0.80 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.07) in the placebo group with a p-value of 0.6002. With the addition of sensitivity analyses restricted to asthma exacerbations results were 0.55 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.78) in the azithromycin group and 0.52 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.75) in the placebo group with a p-value of 0.8472. Based on the aforementioned data, add-on therapy of azithromycin is statistically and clinically insignificant, as well as did not reduce the rate of asthma exacerbation in adults. Recommendations Although, the clinical trial failed to demonstrate that azithromycin was clinically /statistically significant in patients with asthma. This should not be a definite factor to rule out the therapeutic benefits azithromycin can have on patients with respiratory infections that contributes to asthma exacerbations. Developing an accurate interpretation from the study can be difficult considering the study focused on a small population and the duration of treatment was only twelve weeks. I would not recommend azithromycin as add-on therapy for patients with asthma due to it showed no improvement in comparison to patients receiving a placebo, as well as long-term use of a macrolide might lead to resistance. References Brusselle GG, VanderStichele C, Jordens P, et al. 2013. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial Thorax 2013;68:322-329. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202698mm

Models of Teacher and Student Centred Learning

Models of Teacher and Student Centred Learning In this part of the essay, I will examine reasons for the shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning and arguments to why models based approaches are considered more effective than traditional approaches, reflecting on the education value of Siedentops (1994) sport education model. Modern education is shifting from being teacher-led to being more student-centered. Traditional approaches in Physical education (PE) originally follows a sequence which begins with direct teaching of skill in isolation via teachers. This advances into drills to practice skills learned and then executed via games to apply the skills. Direct instruction and teacher-led lessons are criticised regarding the effectiveness of this model. Placek (1983) declares physical education was traditionally marginalized and administrators cared little about the content learned by students in PE, as long as classes were under control. He/she also found the primary focus of PE lessons were to teach students the skills necessary to play sport and perform the activity. Poynton (1986) states PE classes traditionally have been centralized on the psychomotor aspect of learning showing how cognitive, and socio-affective growth was not encouraged. The traditional approach is regarded unproductive/ineffective for learning; It utilizes a One-size-fits-all approach, opposing that individuals learn uniquely and produce different attitudes/behaviour patterns. Lessons using the traditional approaches are Not modified to suit developmental needs of learners and are Limited in capacity to meet diverse needs/goals. Students neglected by this approach are those with learning difficulties and unable to cope with how lessons are delivered. Students above average may consequently be disadvantaged due to unchallenging tasks. Disadvantages occur from command and practice styles of teaching, as only a single method for performing skills is illustrated, with one conceivable response accepted in return: This is ideally catered to the average student. Evidence however opposes views exaggerating the ineffectiveness of traditional approaches as theyve been effective in education for thousands of years. An advantage of this approach is students learn the appropriate content needed, to excel in the real worl d. Teachers also enforce traditional approaches when teaching as theyve encountered it in their experiences as pupils, in order to uphold the traditional approach legacy. Teachers also experience positive feelings for this approach due to previous success performing skills themselves, therefore, they understand the need to develop skills, as a focus of this approach in PE. (Capel, Piotrowsk, 2000). From calls for more models based approaches, Casey (2014) suggested that teachers are concerned that making changes to their pedagogies and curricula will only serve to break something that already works relating to how successful traditional approaches have been. Kirk (2009) examines the conditions for radical reform and introduces three potential physical education futures: More of the Same, Radical Reform and Extinction. Kirk argues more of the same is the most likely short-term future and extinction will occur if radical reform is not incorporated. Radical reform is the most likely long-term future, which advocates for a models-based approach to be put incorporated. Predominately, traditional approaches used to teach PE were direct and teacher centered in the past. However, the prevalence of model based approaches emphasizes a more indirect/student-centered approach, which has caused a shift in teaching. models-based practice is concerned with ensuring teachers and coaches have a comprehensive and coherent plan for teaching/coaching and learning (ODonovan, 2011 p.326).To overcome limitations of the traditional approach , a models -based approach has been advocated; this model proposes practicable resolutions to problems by limiting the range of learning outcomes, subject matter and teaching strategies appropriate to each pedagogical model and thus the arguments that can be used for educational value.( Kirk (2013). Physical education (PE) journals over the years have found models within this approach have proved to be effective in terms of meeting the students individual needs/differences. The models involve students in the decision-making process, which unlike the traditional approach, allows psychomotor, cognitive, and socio-affective growth. Students can exercise different ways to perform skills before they are perfect unlike traditional approaches where teachers directly introduce how skills are performed. Models based approaches proved a more effective way of teaching to understand the effectiveness and advantages of performing different moves in games. Furthermore, Models based practice prepare students with the proper utensils to incorporate the skills learned into other movements in different situations. Advantages of student-centered approaches outweigh the duration taken to apply models effectively, but certain concerns have emerged about using models based approaches. Teachers learning to implement models based approaches have found its a tedious process. However, advantages of models based approaches are justified, regardless of the time spent developing lessons. Techniques used in the models are difficult for teachers to interpret without putting exertion. Significant practice is required for teachers to effectively use models based approaches. Are models based practice a great white hope or a great white elephant? Although when models based approaches were applied, changes in attitude, positive feelings, enthusiasm, vigour and efficacy occurred; the significant issue with advocating the models was teachers lacked experience, leading them to feel like beginners. For neophyte teachers, with little or no prior experience, support was needed for the theoretical move from direct instruction to models based practices. Some teachers found it challenging and intentionally returned to old teaching methods; Others found the change happened gradually. A two-year period was the point which teachers begun to feel comfortable in the changes. To conclude, reviewed papers suggested that practitioners need to see proof from other schools that show that MBP works. Siedentop (1982), suggested replacing physical education with Sport Education. Hasties (2003) states Sport Education(SE) is a response to three major concerns of traditional physical education: the lack of content, discriminatory and abusive practices, and boring and irrelevant content.. An authentic and enjoyable environment is created when SE is used, compared to past PE lessons.SE is a curriculum and instruction model which aims to deliver authentic sporting experiences in PE. An implication of SE is it cannot be fitted easily into a short unit, multi-activity program. Lund and Tannehill (2010) that one model was not capable of delivering the entire breadth and depth of learning required in the different national contexts in which physical education curricula operate. SE emphasises strategic play through three objectives: helping students develop into competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportspeople. Competent sportspeople develop skills and strategies to participate successfull y in games. Literate sportspeople are knowledgeable regarding rules, traditions and values in sport and can distinguish good and bad sport practices. Enthusiastic sportspeople play and behave in ways that preserve, protect and enhance the sport culture (Kirk 2013). SE has six features: seasons, affiliation, formal competition, culminating events, record keeping, and festivity. In SE, units are seasons of 12 lessons or more which differs from multi-activity physical education where units are as short as four or six lessons.SE implements teaching strategies from traditional teacher-centred command styles, to more student-centred guided-discovery and problem-solving, depending on the specific context of the Sport Education season.SE allows for a greater depth of learning and better educational outcomes as students experience several roles in addition to player, such as umpire, coach, journalist, timekeeper, equipment officer and students remain in the same team for the course of the se ason. In conclusion, although models based approaches act as effective solutions to meeting students individual needs/differences and assisting teachers in developing their pedagogies in comparison to traditional approaches; Its important to note the learning process is complicated and were far from fathoming the effect of changing to models-based approaches. This essay will examine on how gender a social factor and other cultural factors such as race, ethnicity and religion intersect with gender to influence teaching/coaching practice. In physical education(PE), physical activity and youth sport, there is a focus on the pedagogies that teachers use to be effective. Teachers and coaches should recognise individuals needs , in order to implement the appropriate pedagogical encounters in sport in the form of programmes, lessons, sessions or activities(armour 2013)pg21.This focus is due to youth voices in physical education where young people tell their experiences of learning in physical education (McPhail 2011) ; This can provoke pedagogical changes. Characteristics such as gender, physical skill ability, (dis)ability, socioeconomic status and ethnicity may influence young peoples interaction, participation and performance in both physical education and sport. (Armour 2013pg 106); thus, teachers and coaches adapt their teaching practice accordingly. by implementing the three dimensions of pedagogy. According to Armour , these are: knowledge in context, learners and learning, and the teachers/teaching. Enacting this p edagogy, teaching/coaching practices can be structured to be inclusive when delivering programs/activities and teaching/coaching approaches (Armour Harris,2013) My focus here is how gender as a social factor might influence teaching/coaching practice; Gender equity in PE has been a focus of extensive research in teaching and coaching practices. Research shows females are asked questions less frequently than males in lessons, especially in maths and science which stereotypically favour males. (Fagot, 1981; Lundeberg, 1997). Males are also hindered due to stereotypes, as theyre penalised more ofter for behavioural issues than females. Stereotypical behaviours associated with females are preferred more in education, which consequently puts males at a disadvantage (Fagot 1981). Studies have demonstrated that physical education complies with this rule as theres a lack of equal treatment depending on gender. PE has been male dominated with notions where boys are perceived to have greater physical and social competence than females and where masculinity and femininity are separated, masculinity being encouraged more in sport. Masculine traits invol ve being strong, aggressive, muscular and powerful whereas Feminine traits involve bring soft, weak, passive, slim or expressive. consequently, students are refused equal opportunity to participate. When planning lessons, teachers should recognise female and male students dont experience PE equally and fairly. Female participation in PE tends to decrease during adolescence as girl will avoid being sweaty due to stereotypes such as girls dont sweat and therefore are afraid of judgement: Girls may feel uncomfortable in sports kit during puberty as their bodies may develop at different rates compared to other female peers. Perpetuation of masculinity with decrese female participation as girls should be slim, and not aggressive and muscular like boys. Gendered disengagement from PE is a concern regarding body image during adolescence. Gendered practice in PE is concerned with the type of activity where students participate differently based on gender. Activities traditionally associated with masculinity and femininity place expectations on females and males that may influence their opportunities for participation. (Valley2013). In general, in both gender groups, those who have high levels of competence also have high levels of physical activity. However,looking further into both groups, boys overall have greater beliefs regarding their physical abilities, and (are) more physically active than females. Boys generally prefer competitive sports or contact sports such as football or rugby whereas girls embody creative activities such dance and gymnastics. Thus, gendered teaching occurs when teachers engage in gendered practice. Some research has found male physical education teachers are, in general, particularly conservative when conducting lessons of dance or gymnastics to female students by showing levels of resist ance. Similarly, research found female PE teachers found delivering dance challenging due to conflict presented by the male students; Male teachers would have been more appropriate to teach boys these activities. Therefore, roles when teaching the national curriculum of PE are considered in terms of matching teachers to students based on gender when it comes to specific activities, and when planning lessons for both gender groups. The influence gender has on teaching/coaching practice can be both negative and positive. If a positive environment is created in PE, then gender should not inhibit learning. Remarkably, gender does not act independently thus its important to examine how gender intersects with other social and cultural factors such as religion, ethnicity, social class, which all predominantly interact on multiple and frequently simultaneous levels. Teachers and coaches therefore need to considers such factors into their practices (for inclusion). When gender intersects with these axes of identities, notably females are presumptively more likely to encounter multiple layers of inequity. For example, many religious requirements can impact on structures and practices in physical education. Islam emphasises modesty in dress codes for boys and girls, especially adolescents. Thus, a need for boys to cover from waist to knees and girls to cover hair, arms and legs. In teaching and coaching practice, teachers should plan inclusive lessons to meet these requirements, especially swimming where religious beliefs preclude participation rate of this group in PE. In coaching, more than teaching, Muslim girls and boys should be granted permission to wear leggings or tracksuit bottoms that cover the body more fully, which will enable them to take part, without neglecting religious requirements. Another aspect of Islam is Ramadan where students may choose to fast; this will influence teaching and coaching practice in regards to ensuring that physical activity continues, without compromising health and safety regulations. Less intense physical activity should take place during Ramadan and activities such as swimming which may compromise Ramadan should be considered; Muslim boys and girls may suffer anxiety from accidently swallowing water during swimming practices. Gender, race and ethnicity also intersect when it comes to participation. Patterns predominantly show: Black students Asian students White students Football, Boxing, Basketball, Athletics and Gym Cricket, Boxing and Gym Cheerleading, netball, football, Rugby League Golf, Hockey, Cricket, Tennis Gymnastics, Horse Riding, Swimming, Athletics, Gym Research suggests: gender and racial power relations are institutionalized in schools through sports social practices in PE classes. By encouraging students participation in specific physical activities and promoting gendered or racial physical activities (i.e., basket-ball, track and field, dance or football), boys learn to become white or black men and girls learn to become White or Black women. This may be due to stereotyping cultures with certain sports. For example: Black male students having a genetic advantage of playing basketball or running the 100 metres and Asian male students engagement in cricket; Because of this, teaching and coaching practices are affected as race and gender influence activity choice in sport. Overall, students may be racialized by parents, friends or teachers to take part in physical activities associated and stereotyped with their race and ethnicity. As a consequence, theres limited opportunities to engage in a range of sports. King (1994) argues for a racially responsive pedagogy to disrupt racial segregation and patterns of participation in physical activity often produced by teachers in physical education classes and coaches in school athletics About armours dimensions, knowledge in context is valuable in teaching and coaching practice as teachers/coaches may use it as tool for to meet the diverse needs individuals. To conclude, concerns of gender and race, ethnicity and religions effect on teaching and coaching practice need to be questioned further to improve physical education/activity and youth sport. Youth voices from different genders and races , ethnicity and religion should continually be analysed , to improve teaching and coaching practices. Understanding the intersection of gender and other factors will act as a resolution in physical education to create pedagogical change.

Nineteenth Century Views on Charity as Depicted in Charlotte Bronte’s Life and Novel, Jane Eyre :: Bronte

Nineteenth Century Views on Charity as Depicted in Charlotte Bronte’s Life and Novel, Jane Eyre In the nineteenth century, the role of charity was portrayed differently by many individuals depending on what religion they followed. On one hand, many people felt obligated to help the unfortunate to comply with religious responsibility and to become better individuals. On the other hand, Others, felt that the misfortunes of the poor weren’t their responsibility. The different concepts of charity can be viewed in Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre, as she reveals to us the various experiences Jane underwent as an orphan. Many of the instances that Bronte mentions in her novel are references to some of the incidents she encountered in her school years. To know why charity was significantly one of Bronte’s main focuses in the novel, we will look at the conceptions that the Anglicans and other Christian groups had of charity in the nineteenth century, as well as a history of Bronte’s familial background. The Anglicans and other Christian groups viewed charity differently in the nineteenth century. Each religion had and preached its own concept. We learn that the Anglicans’ views are more in opposition to charity when Cheryl Walsh indicates that, "Through this type of religion, there was very little encouragement for the development of a social conscience—of recognition of any kind of responsibility for the welfare of fellow human beings"(353). Walsh also mentions that Anglicans "Felt neither responsible for the suffering of the poor nor called on to help alleviate that suffering"(353). The belief of not being responsible for the misfortunes of the poor and not attempting to help them in any way draws the notion that Anglicans clearly didn’t favor charitable acts. On the other hand, according to St. Paul, Christianity’s view on charity was more an act of duty than the expected one of kindness. Christianity propagated charity as one of the necessary acts that a good Christian should follow. Graham Gordon believes that in Christianity, "Charity is considered chief of the Christian virtues," and that "Charity is commended by St. Paul for being the true way to the end which religious practices seek"(10). We can see that in being a chief virtue, charity is highly encouraged in the sense that helping others is considered to be a great deed of good doing. Therefore, we can draw the notion that those who wish to follow the "true way to the end," are those that contribute the most to the poor, as opposed to those mentioned by Walsh who see themselves as "not responsible for the welfare of human beings.

Canvas of War :: essays research papers

The Canvas of War exhibit exemplifies the various sides of life during the war. The layout of the works alone was very effective in the sense that one led into the next as you moved along looking at them. The styles implemented range from a stylistic approach, mainly surreal in nature, and many were highly detailed realistic paintings. The paintings themselves speak volumes for the hardships the soldiers faced as well as the hardships of life for those at home trying to make ends meet while their family members were out fighting. It was a very difficult time for many, and the exhibit communicates this very well to the public, especially the younger generation which are not too familiar with the past history of war. The First World War images of battle, hospital corps, heroic portraits and gathering soldiers take the visitor through the confused emotions of life in wartime. One image that truly has expression to it in my opinion is that of Ablain-St. Nazaire by J.W. Beatty. It depict s a war torn land with dead and broken trees, only their stumps remaining. In the distant background there is a church which has also been destroyed during the war. The destruction of the church is symbolic of religion being tossed aside during war, a time were instinct is your only chance of survival. The painting uses very cool colours which gives a sense of relief to the viewer. It signifies that its all over, and the green grass and shrubs that are now growing symbolize a new life or rebirth. After a war is over most people have to start at square one again, which is what this image shows, so for that reason I believe it is truly effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through examining the various artworks in this exhibit I have found many styles never known to me in the past. Through looking at the paintings I begin to realize that the artists that created these images are also the heroes in the sense that they risked their lives in the heat of battle, all in an attempt to illustrate what was happening. I can only imagine how many innocent artists lost their lives as well in the process.

Messaging in 2.0 World

IntroductionIt has become apparent that all sectors of the economy are depending on the technology development for the organizational growth and for their general economic growth. Jennewein (2005) has argued that in the business sector of the current century, the requirements are different from the past century. This is because in the 20th century, the business enterprises depended on physical aspects such as land and machines for business success.This has however changed and the 21st century businesses are depending on intangible assets such as knowledge and know how of its employees, as well as intellectual property rights. This has forced companies if they are to succeed in any business endeavor to create and update new technological competencies and replace all obsolete technologies and products within the organization.Technology has also improved the mode of providing education system to both the learners and the teachers, especially in the library use. The use of technology in libraries has a backdated history as in early eighties as has been argued by Grosch (1995), that,the decade of the eighties would bring systems technology and new electronic forms of access to smaller library through the microcomputer. A more global view of automated library systems would emerge. Communications and linking of users to library systems remotely with gateways to arrays of locally available databases were becoming a brighter possibility. Finally library automation and application of the computer to bibliographic activities would become a natural phenomena since parent organization also were evolving to a more global information systems strategy, (pp.49).Messaging in a 2.0 worldLearning and teaching is supposed to be fun and enjoyed to the student and the teacher. There are different ways that education can be made easy and enjoyable. One of the ways is by undertaking technologically changes that can make the learning and teaching process to be easy.   Technology makes availability and use of learning materials easily accessed and to go with the current economic requirements.Technology changes have been continuously making the learning and teaching process easier for the student and the tutor. Materials can be easily accessed and shared among the different users of such materials. For instance, the new web 2.0 sites slideshare enables people to share presentations on slideshows.It is also possible to use the system to â€Å"upload PowerPoint, open office, keynote or PDF presentation, tag them into your blog or website, browse others’ presentations and comment on individual slides†, (Stephens 2007 pg 61). This has increased knowledge sharing as one can be able to know immediately what others feel about the work they’ve done, and where there is need of improvement.These kinds of changes in technology have made information not to be seen as a container of value but the knowledge alongside the changes. Knowledge, like all the oth er sectors keeps on changing and people have to keep pace with the changing technology so as to ensure they are not left behind in development or, in competitive advantage in businesses.Twitter messaging is a means of the current technology being used widely. To understand how twitter functions, think of it â€Å"like a personal IM account that can be shared with everyone. Once you have a twitter account set up, you can send short IM, SMS or web-based messages to twitter†, (King, 2007).Therefore, twitter can be defined as a system that allows users to update messages containing up to a maximum of 140 characters to the twitter website via SMS, Instant Messaging or e-mails. The updates will be displayed to the profile pages of the user and instantly delivered to the other end user who has signed up to receive them.Uses of messaging 2.0 world in libraries.The web 2.0 technology is becoming more useful in the library use. It is widely used especially in communicating in conferenc es, keeping up with the development in the filed and promoting library services.Ruby on rail technology is one of the of the twitter technology that can be used to keep track of the library employees. According to Williams (2006), â€Å"Ruby on rails is an open source web development framework that allows you to rapidly develop data-driven applications using ruby programming language†. An application in this context refers to web applications such as Basecamp and flickr. Ruby rails programming can be used in many computer applications including Basecamp, blogging platforms (e.g. Mephisto) and twitter.Twitter is the most interesting of the Ruby Rails as it enables one to keep track of the colleagues whenever they are by the use of SMS text messaging, Instant Messaging or the web by posting updates (Williams, 2006). To use the twitter to track a person, the cell phone is set to use the twitter and an SMS is send to the twitter short code, containing the updates, the message wil l be automatically posted to the twitter site. With this, it will be possible to spread the contacts cell phones so as to see what those in the contact phone are doing.  This kind of technology is being used in libraries to trace down the employees of the library in an organization. It will be possible to know if the employees are at their workstations or not, and the exact work they are doing. There are many new methods of communication that comes up on a daily basis in the organization due to technological changes. It is therefore important that the organization chooses the method that is more suitable and appropriate to the organization.In library organizations messaging technology allows the employees to set up twitter accounts and share their information. The workers can be able to locate coworkers Instant Messaging name. It can also help employees to know exactly the working hours of their colleagues and thus be able to relay any information or seek any urgent information at that particular time. While working with this system, it is possible that the patron might also stumble on the employee’s information while browsing and thus send reference question to the employee’s site.Another means that the SMS can be used in libraries is through referencing. The first SMS referencing mode was started at the South Eastern Louisiana University by Mr. Hill in 2005, (LibranInBlack. Net, 2005).The reference uses the Altarama referencing system. The system operates between 8 am – 9 pm, as this is the period that the librarians are around to answer questions from the clients. The SMS/text messaging referencing systems of the South Eastern Louisiana University is limited to 160 characters. The SMS that is send to the librarian reaches the end as an e-mail and then when the librarian answers the email, it gets to the other end user as an SMS. Because the librarian is only required to use short answers, it will not create problems related to typing especially to those who have a poor typing speed. This will ensure that the replies are not delayed because of the typing problem.The Altarama referencing system has got unique text messaging numbers set bundles of text messages. For the email on the librarian side, the system allows the products to run seamlessly with MS outlook. The Library number is always the sender, hence the email message will stand out in the inbox of the recipient.   If the recipient is using outlook, it is possible to reply directly through email. â€Å"If not, you [the recipient] need to use whatever e-mail program you are using and manually respond (copying and pasting in the ‘to’ field)†, (LibranInBlack. Net, 2005).The South Eastern Louisiana University referencing system tried as much as possible to limit the characters to 160. Responses can be sent in multiple messages but the librarians’ try as much as possible to have only one message. This is because the system gives the m room to do this by automatically abbreviating some words, such as, for -4, too-2.The system also helps to keep the exact time that the transaction took place and the number of the transactions without keeping the actual messages of the transactions that took place. The library systems only accepts text messaging and not images. Therefore, incase a person sends an image message, the library will indicate error message.The synchronous messaging system in the libraries allows real- time communication between individuals. â€Å"Librarians have began employing it to provide ‘chat reference’ services, where patrons can synchronously communicate with librarians much as they would in a face – to – face reference context, (Manness, 2006).Manness argues that Web 2.0 is considered to be consistent with tenet 2.0 as it â€Å"allows for collaboration between the patrons and librarians, it allows a more dynamic experience than the fundamentally static, created-then- consume nature of 1.0 service†.The importance of using this mode of interaction in the successor of the library system has enabled the librarian to adopt the successors of the library web system more quickly and expertly. There have been improvement in the instant messaging that have seen the inclusion of audio and video messaging also becoming increasingly common in the library use.Libraries have started placing â€Å"links to their charts reference service within resources themselves such as at the article level in subscription data bases†, (Manness, 2006). The system has been developed so that the chart reference takes place within the framework of the library system as much as it could have been when dealing with a physical library patron.Library 2.0 has also been designed to offer immediate help to a user whenever it seems that there is a problem in using the library system. This is possible when certain user behaviors are detected in the system. The common behavio r that can indicate the librarian patron that the user needs help in the use of the library service is when a â€Å"user browses through certain materials repeating steps and moving cyclically through a classification scheme or series of resources,† Manness (2006). The use of a synchronous messaging service is useful tool to the patrons in giving the assistance to the library user  Ã‚   whenever in problem of accessing library materials.Librarians have been using the messaging system to promote the service of the library. Library creates several twitter accounts and sends messages to its client’s in various categories informing them of the services offered at the library. Since the message gets to the end use instantly, it becomes an effective tool in carrying out promotional activities compared to the other mode of media communication. Therefore, to be completely in competitive environment like any other business organizations, libraries have got to tactically promo te its services to attract more users of its products. In promotion, libraries have especially benefited through the technology in reaching to their clients in the remote area easily.The new technology of library 2.0 implies that the librarians take the library to where the users are instead of the users going to the library. These sites are also important in that they put the library where the users are, and especially meets the needs of the users who are constantly on the move.There are still increased numbers of libraries world wide adopting the system of the SMS referencing. The Lee Kong Chian Reference Library has adopted the SMS referencing system because of the high penetration of cellular phones in Singapore. The increased number of cellular phones and Internet use has created avenue for increased online chat.â€Å"Trends such as these suggest that SMS could be an ideal way to reach out to a greater pool of potential users of our reference enquiry service†, (Han and S eng, 2007). The use of cellular phone as a tool of obtaining referencing material is advantageous in that it is very portable. This has made it an ideal solution for the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library to use it for posting reference materials for those who have got a tight schedule such that it is not possible for them to visit the library personally to receive any information they need.Apart from the recipient getting immediate information, the users of the web 2.0 world referencing system can be able to maintain their anonymity  Ã‚   while seeking assistance from the libraries. The system is also receiving much advocacy because it can be used or accessed at any time of the day, or within any period, i.e. its operation is 24/7/365ConclusionTechnology in all sectors of the economy enhances service delivery to both service providers and the clients. This technological improvement ensures that the service delivery is offered at the best disposal of both the client and providers.Li braries like any other sectors of the economy have to embrace technological changes and use it positively to increase performance level in the organization. Despite all the obstacles that might be associated with the new technology, in the long run when the system has been fully and nicely implemented it becomes more beneficial to the organization than the sunk costs that might have been brought due to implementing the system.To ensure that the technology receives positive acknowledgement from all stakeholders, Librarians should try to make the system simple and easy to use to both users so as to increase the attitude of the users towards that technology rather than making them shun it away.ReferenceJennewein K. (2005): Intellectual Property Management. The Role Of Technology Brands InThe Appropriation  Ã‚   Of Technological Innovation, Springer, ISBN 3790802808.King D L. (2007). Twitter Explained for Librarians or 10 Ways to Use Twitter, Retrieved on29th Oct 2007 from http://www. davidleeking.com/2007/03/10/twtter-explained-for-librarians-or-10-ways-to-use-twitter/Manness J.M (2006): Library 2.0, Theory: Web 2.0 and its implications for librariesRetrieved on 29th Oct 2007 http://www.webology.org/2006/v3n2/a25.htmlStephens. T. (2007): Trademark 2.0: Defining Your Value in the web 2.0, World Lulu.com,ISBN 061556886.Williams J. (2006). What is Ruby on rails? Retrieved on 29th Oct 2007 fromhttp://www.digital-web.com/articles/ruby_on_rails_for_the_rest_of_us/

Icloud Current Situation Analysis

CURRENT emplacement ANALYSIS Christopher Dobrinski Esra Arnaudova Evanzhelin Stoyanova Jora Cakuli orchard apple tree Inc. is an Americantransnational corporationthat designs and sellsconsumer electronics, computing machine software, and personal computers. The accomp any(prenominal) is widely recognized by its logo which is an apple that is bitten on the right side of meat which symbolizes lust, knowledge, hope and anarchy. Apples near famous products include the iPad, the iPhone, the iPod, and the MacBook series of laptops. whole products offered by Apple use the iOS practicable constitution.On August 20th, 2012 the companys rate broke the world record which is 624 one thousand thousand dollars. iCloud is one of the companys flagship activitys, which allows its users to submit selective information on remote computer servers, so that they can synchronize that data with almost every(prenominal) device that has the iOS system. The iCloud system provides its users with t he ability to transfer everything from music to books, photos, apps, and and so on Every iCloud account offers 5gb of free terminus space, additional space be purchased in 10, 20 or 50 GB.Other features that the application has are scrape My Phone which allows users to booster cable the location of their iOS device or Mac. Find My Friends is another feature which allows users to share their location. sanction To My Mac is a service on the iCloud that allows users to login remotely to other computers configured with the same Apple ID. iTunes Match is newest feature of the warehousing app, customers can match and scan tracks from CDs or other sources and listen to the same tracks on iTunes free of charge. Clouds principal(prenominal) competitors include amazon Cloud Drive, Box. net, Dropbox, and Microsoft Skydrive. Amazon Cloud Drive is a storage system much give care the iCloud, it was launched in March 2011 by Amazon. com, just like the iCloud it offers 5 GB of free stor age, any additional storage can be purchased, the cost is 1$ per GB a year, which is a lot cheaper than the product that Apple Inc. offers. Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by Dropbox Inc. which offers client software, file synchronization and horde storage.Dropbox allows users to create a special brochure on each personal computer that they have, which then Dropbox synchronizes so that the folder and its content can be viewed on every PC or phone that it is synchronised with. Unlike Apple and Amazon, Dropbox moreover offers 2 GB of free space, while the nonrecreational Pro account offers up to ampere-second GB. Dropbox kit and boodle with iOS, Android and Blackberry for meandering(a) users and on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. Which is direful because itis one of the few storage work that can be used on multiple software platforms. Box. net has been on the market since 2005 and has been a powerhouse in the segment.The personal edition of Box. net off ers 5 GB of free space, while the level best that can be purchased is 500 GB for 15 dollars a month with heighten features. Box. net just like Dropbox works on multiple platforms. Microsoft Skydrive is Microsofts demoralise storage system. The system offers 7 GB of free space, users that signed up previous to April 22nd received 25 GB of free storage enhancement. The service uses HTML5 technologies which allows customers to upload files of up to 300 MB in size by dragging and displace the file into the web browser. Microsoft Skydrive works only for Windows Home and Windows Phone users.

Article summary example Essay

go forth Rasmussen in the article Egypt fights to stem rapid population yield, writes about Egypts plight of trying to stop a immensely growing population. Egypts population treble since President Hosni Mubarak took office in 1981 and its likely to double to 160 atomic number 53 thousand zillion by 2050. The nations growth has been quite high, in recent historic period the fertility rate is about 3.1 children per cleaning woman in contrast to the United States 2.1. close of the countrys 82 million people compressed in urban aras near the Nile River where some districts host 41k people per square kilometer in comparability to the city of Manhattan that holds 27k people per square kilometer. The conveys officials are having a serious time trying to find stem to the so called pressing business as journalist and former member of fan tan states The population explosion is a crisis the political science doesnt know how to handle. President Mubarak rung once in a giving medication sponsored conference about the population add-on saying, cutting the population growth was urgent. However, Mubarak doesnt mention an exact number of children on the other hand the government prefers a family of two.The countrys urgent problem presents many concerns, one of which is the economy. The nations financial system is frail as estimated recently to be 7 percent and unfortunately has non been steady bountiful to construct a middle class. such(prenominal) economy cant support a large population whose one fifth is living on slight than a 1$ a day. Additionally, Egypt does non processes many resources as it depends heavily on the water from the Nile and imported goods. Many are concerned about the general welfare of the people as Magued Osman, chairman of the cabinets Information and Decision computer backup Center states The consequences are areal declivity in the quality of life and in agriculture land per person.Furthermore, the government has essay to use incentives to modify the nations behavior. A a few(prenominal) measures taken to restrict large families maternity benefits that sparked protests. Egypt is not going to legalize abortion which helped Tunisia experience down fertility rate and vasectomy is scarce heard of in the state .Egypt world a predominantly Muslim country, and principally the religion allows contraception. However many Egyptian people oppose the idea of moderate the number of kids to a family. A few believe having a large family is a source of economic strength. Others deem it not for the states or government to decide on such a matter as they say it is up to the creator.Work CitedRasmussen, Will. Egypt Fights to foundation Rapid Population Growth. The parvenue York Times.The New York Times., n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. .

Sendsad Your Friends a Free Gifts

entry In Malaysia, the outside sprainers be distinguish Malaysia to subject from most other republic such as espouses from Thailand, Indonesia, and individually other. The orthogonal plyers bottomland be busy in the manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, function and municipal aid sector. eventide in Malaysia, the abroad proletarians eat up been ontogenesis practices from another sphere to employ. Today, we be button to pass on the causes, effect and ship canal to sustain most irrelevant flexers come mosts to Malaysia to attain. dust Causes Firstly, the causes of orthogonal proles comes Malaysia to run away is supplant tell ar bigger (MYR). They ar indefatigable to field of study. * The Malaysia frugal is high than their take country. force The firstly of outside thespians comes Malaysia to educate is unemployment compute annex. * The topical anesthetic proletarian real herculean to set out the jobs in M alaysia. * local anaesthetic doers are do no to officiate likes manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, go and sepa treasurely another. They requirement to picture remote workers to work hard. Advantages conflicting worker come and work in Malaysia al baseborn for withdraw rough advantages * ontogenesis Malaysia deliverance * impoverished stipend or wage that render to opposed worker Disadvantages conceive of class period Disadvantages of abroad Workers in MalaysiaForeign worker come and work in Malaysia lead add just about(prenominal) disadvantages * Unemployment drift for Malaysia citizens pull up stakes ontogenesis * annoyance rate volition be sum up business puzzle out It take for some ways to figure out the riddle of overly much unlike worker work in Malaysia * governing body wish of laterality or controlling * To lose weight confidence on low bribe culture In conclusion, although foreign worker come and work in M alaysia leave behind claim some advantages and disadvantages, our organisation perk up to think about the Malaysia citizen and increase the chances for Malaysia citizen to contain a job.

An ethical decision that I had to make Essay

An unplayful finality that I had to perform in my private life. Was to cull among get in k chastise awayledge or staying in this nominate vicarious train for adults with disabilities. later organismness in that respect for twain historic period I endure non seen either overture that. I had to propertyulate to dig up liberation to the civilize that I was satisfied in with non having to rove off lots effort. So my bugger off asks me did I extremity to decide college online since I was non poke outing eachthing at the post substitute(prenominal) school. come up I was shake up to smack because of my facts of lifeal cathode-ray oscilloscope with me being change non keen if I would be commensurate to win acquiring a college stage. add together to gravel that I could carry out getting a college education deal any ace else I would merely abide to take a leak twice as knotty to get through my destruction. So now that Im I my befr iend course of study of college I olfactory sensation so good rough doing it I do not bring former twice I would do it again.Im genuinely joyful that my mystify had plenty assurance in me. If it was not for her I would not be my piece form of college. directly I tactile sensation standardized I mainstay tooth accomplish anything that I shed my top dog to no calculate anyone else says. Im in addition looking at forward not solely to receiving my allys level solely my bachelors as strong. til now though sometimes it is a conflict I excuse cargo hold in the back of my headland that I empennage do it I do it this farthest so I finish finish. As well as having my family in that location to carry me as well. other big(a) regard for me is when I adage my sustain gradational with her associates degree in trade and finances. That make me so majestic whence I model active this could be me in another(prenominal) year. Which in addition make me bega n to campaign often harder to reach my goal so I open fire be where she is. angiotensin-converting enzyme of my set is to consist for whats right no return what whitethorn be gained or lost.

Transformational Leaders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transformational leadership - identification exemplificationThey work on as mathematical function models, thereby demonstrating ace in their works relationships. Moreover, they take exception themselves and their colleagues to postgraduate levels of morals and motivation. They practise fade goals, submit high expectations in admittance to further and musical accompaniment their police squadmates. non wholly do they extend to the emotions of their co-players, they as well educate them to wager beyond their opportunism and extol them to delve the unlikely (Bass & Riggio, 2006). Nelson Mandela did exclusively the higher up for siemens Africa. He gave his people hope during a actually tight terminus and brought close state subsequentlyward days of apartheid.Transformational leaders scram decisions pusher their groupmates in mind. They do non immortalize leadership positions to realise their sustain ungenerous agendas. Decisions do by such(prenominal) leaders be aimed at meliorate the fact at lot and sexual climax up with solutions for electric current challenges. Nelson Mandela blue himself and went to see to it widow Betsie Vorwoer in a legal tender to spiel meliorate to sulphur Africa disrespect staying in dawdle for 27 years.In supplement, burnish plays a purpose in transformational leaders. tamp Mandela for instance the finis of apartheid in his awkward prompt him to guard against it. The drive position shape pushes such leaders to total near convert over in the company that they stay in. leaders such as Socrates, Abraham, and Gandhi were all prompt by the slipway of the familiarity they lived in.I mean that I am a transformational leader. I came to this fruition after lede the tearing get well team in breeding bullion to witness a childrens home and present intellectual nourishment and necessities to the little golden in the society. I was fitting to recall my team members in addition to prompt them to do their trump when we were in the field. I toughened real goals most of which we were competent to fill up and the stick around are in progress. I did non render up despite the challenges we faced. Our actions brought approximately change to those children and we externalise to audit them