Opinion on Abortion Essay - 1156 Words

Opinion on Abortion Abortion is when a foetus is expelled from its mothers womb before the pregnancy reaches full term (usually 40 weeks). The abortion act says that a woman can have an abortion if the pregnancy would put her in danger, or if the baby was so handicapped that it could not survive independently and it would have no quality of life. The act also says that these reasons for abortion are accepted whereas a woman who simply did not want another child would not be allowed to abort her pregnancy. Many Christians oppose abortion. Two reasons that they give for this are because they believe that life begins at conception and so to abort an embryo would be considered as murder. They†¦show more content†¦Some passages of the Bible also teach that God has planned each being and planted them in the womb: For you created my inmost being; you knit me together In my mothers womb. This backs up the Christians point of view giving a strong argument for abortion and reasons using references from the Bible and what God seemingly wanted. Some churches would believe abortion to be allowed because there are some situations where the most loving thing to do would be to abort the pregnancy. One situation would be where the mother is endangered by the pregnancy and a possible effect of this would be the death of both the mother and the child. The most loving thing to do in the situation would be to save the mother by aborting the foetus. The United Reformed church believes that there is a difference between an undeveloped embryo and a foetus about to be born. They would not think of a few-week-old embryo as a child. They believe that sometimes abortion is necessary but that it should be taken seriously. Another possible scenario would be mother pregnant with the child of a rapist. This is a tough question, but would you keep the baby or not? The Church of England would allow an abortion because of the trauma involved with raising the child and the father.Show MoreRelatedA Opinion On Abortion And Abortion897 Words   |   4 PagesEveryone has a different opinion on abortion. According to the Merriam- Webster dictionary, an abortion is â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus, spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation, induced expulsion of a human fetus, expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at any time before completion of pregnancy.† Abortion is, and always will be a controversialRead MoreEssay on Opinion on Abortion1141 Words   |  5 PagesOpinion on Abortion My own opinion of abortion is very varied. There are so many different reasons for abortions. Every woman who has had one will have had reasons. I am sure they wouldnt have decided in a few minutes that they were going to abort their baby. They would have thought long and hard about what to do. I put myself in the position of someone else. If I got pregnant now would I really be able to keep it. I would, for one, have to stop school and miss outRead MorePolitical Opinions on Abortion Essays1223 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is one of the most hotly contested social issue’s in American politics. It has been used as a political tool by the Republicans (conservative Right) to mobilize its opponents as a strong voting block within the party. On the other side, the Democrats (liberal Left) has use their pro-choice stance over the issue to mobilize women voters, along with other proponents who believe that abortion should be a viable option for pregnant women. It is in this context in which the political debate ofRead MoreA Literature Review of the Popular Opinion on Abortion1651 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Literature Review Popular Opinion on Abortion Abortion has long been a source of acrimonious and controversial debate. It touches upon key ethical, moral, philosophical, biological, and legal issues. Opinions about abortion tend to be rooted in fundamental personal values which are unlikely to change. Many people, especially Christians, regard abortion as murder. Such people oppose abortion in varying degrees, calling their position Pro-Life. Others regard abortion as an excruciating yet criticalRead MoreReligious Opinions and Views on Abortion Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesReligious Opinions and Views on Abortion In examining religious opinions on abortion, one must find common ground on which to form a foundation of comparison. With most of the religions to date, that common ground lies on the argument of whether or not a fetus is an actual person. Some religions protest by saying a fetus isnt a conscious being -- therefore there is no loss in doing away with it. But for those religions that do believe there is a life -- or any spiritual being -- in a fetusRead MoreAbortion Is Wrong: An Opinion Essay2433 Words   |  10 PagesAbortion is Wrong The argument should abortion be legal or illegal? can be argued both ways, and where I stand is somewhere in the middle. I am Catholic, and believe strongly that abortion is a sin because it constitutes the murder of human life. However, I also believe that abortion should be allowed for women who were raped. An accidental pregnancy, however, is not an excuse to have an abortion. The practice of carrying the child to term sometimes wakes up the woman to the possibility of motherhoodRead MoreSocietal Attitudes Toward Abortion : Public Opinion Varies Based On The Situation Surrounding The Pregnancy1606 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal Attitudes Toward Abortion Public opinion varies based on the situation surrounding the pregnancy. Whether it may be an unplanned pregnancy or a rape, the topic of abortion always receives different extremities of reactions. In situations where a privileged couple gets pregnant and simply does not have time for a baby and gets an abortion, the public may react differently than from a situation where a 15 year old girl is raped by her stepfather and gets pregnant. There appears to be a spectrumRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion1546 Words   |  7 Pagesmother.† Abortion is the way of ending pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the matrix, which can also allow women to choose whether they want to become a mother or not. However, people have developed the controversy about abortions. Abortion debate is an ongoing debate which has involved moral, legal, biological and religious status of the induced abortion. In this controversy, there are two groups emerged. The gro up of people who hold the opinion that abortion shouldRead MoreAmerican History: Fighting for the Freedom of Choice763 Words   |  3 PagesAbortions being made illegal in the late 1880’s created a lot of â€Å"underground† abortion procedures. The abortions performed were not safe, they were expensive, and often time’s male doctors would force women to have intimate relations with them before the procedure. In the 1950s, about a million illegal abortions a year were performed in the U.S., and over a thousand of those women died each year as a result. It wasn’t until the civil rights and antiwar movements in the 1960’s that women began toRead More Abortion Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages ABORTION Abortion, in my opinion, has been one of the largest debataable issues in American Society. There are so many aspects and views to examine before one can even begin to form their own opinion. In order to discuss an important issue such as abortion, we must first understand what it means. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before the fetus has developed and grown enough to live outside the mother. When abortion happens naturally before the 20th week it is called a spontaneous abortion

Kants Transcendental Problem How is Natural Science...

In Kant’s Transcendental Problem: Kant attempts to answer the question â€Å"How is natural science possible?† (Kant 679R). Natural science in its modern use would simply be called science; it is the systematic body of knowledge that deals with nature. â€Å"Nature is the existence of things insofar as it is determined according to universal laws† (Kant 679R). In understanding nature, â€Å"we are concerned not with things in themselves, but rather with things as objects of possible experience, and the sum of these† (Kant 680L). This is important because as Kant argues the only way one can understand nature, is through experience as it teaches us, â€Å"what exists and how it exists† (Kant 679R). Kant finds that we derive experience from concepts, this saves natural science by limiting it only to experience (Kant 688L). To prove this belief he creates the argument: 1. Necessarily, the mind or faculty of understanding contains categories of concepts {C1, C2, C3, †¦ , C12}. 2. Necessarily, if (1), then experience has features {F1, F2, F3, †¦, F12}. 3. Therefore, necessarily, experience has features {F1, F2, F3, †¦, F12}. Kant explains that concepts do not come from experience. Kant writes, â€Å"I am very far from holding these concepts to be merely derived from experience† (Kant 687L). For example, Mark’s concept of cause and effect is not derived from the fact that he has observed through experience that striking a match causes a flame. Instead Mark’s thought process of linking causeShow MoreRelatedThird Breaking Down His Most Important Philosophies1097 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophies: I. Present and explain in depth the each of the following: A. How he came up with such ideas. B. Provide example/ apply to life: 1. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 2. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science 3. Critique of Practical Reason 4. Critique of the Power of Judgment 5. Critique of Pure Reason a. Knowledge b. Metaphysics Topic: Critique of Pure Reason In order to understand Kant’s position, we must first understand the philosophical environment that influencedRead MoreKant and Priori Synthetic Truths1868 Words   |  7 PagesTranscendental aesthetic deals with objects that can be perceived only as far as the mind can perceive it, the mind can only know of those things that we are capable of sensing and feeling. A synthetic judgment is one that connects the concept of B and A, but is not contained within each other. Synthetic truths are those that that are true by virtue of empirical a fact that is to say that its meanings and truths are determined by intuitions which can be representations of something that we hold inRead MoreCartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesideas since if there were, they would automatically be known to children. And knowledge of God can’t be innate since there is no universal notion of God. Thus it’s through experience that the human mind can gain knowledge but not through some divine natural light. Descartes differentiates the mind, the thinking substance, the body and the extended substance. He claims that there is a link between the mind and the body through which sensations like pain are transmitted. He further argues that his selfRead MoreEssay on Immanuel Kant3201 Words   |  13 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kant’s most striking character trait was probably his moral earnestness and his devotion to the idea of duty. He was a sociable man and was also kindly and benevolent. He was never rich but he was careful in money matters. He regularly assisted a number of poor people. He was a sincere and loyal friend and his conduct was marked by courtesy and respect for others. For 15 years after completing his doctorate he taught at the university where he lectured on science and math, but eventuallyRead More Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics Essay3676 Words   |  15 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Metaphysics THEME In regard to Metaphysics, Kant’s results were seemingly the opposite to what he strove to achieve, cf. the claim, in his Introduction, that â€Å"In this enquiry . . . I venture to assert that there is not a single metaphysical problem which has not been solved, or for the solution of which the key has not been supplied.† In the summing up of his Prolegomena, he records with evident pride in achievement: â€Å"Anyone who has read through and grasped the principlesRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy2023 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosopher who often fantasized about the wonders of the human perception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all-powerful entity would be possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable works as Cri tiques of Practical Reason, Metaphysics of MoralsRead MoreNatural Theology Was Under Deep Debate1806 Words   |  8 PagesIn the 20th century the question of natural theology was under deep debate. While the enlightenment had a deep confidence in gaining knowledge of God through observation of the natural world, this attitude was deeply criticised in both philosophy and theology. On the one hand Heidegger criticized this project as deeply ontotheological confusing the distinction between beings and the Being of beings. Moreover as a result of this enterprise, one was left with the philosopher’s God at best, a god toRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesTraditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how persons ought to act or if such questions are answerable. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Meta-ethicsRead More Skepticism and the Philosophy of Language in Early Modern Thought3317 Words   |  14 Pagesrationalists appeal to natural light is examined, as well as skeptical arguments limiting knowledge such as the so-called makers knowledge argument. This argument is then seen as capital for favoring a positive interpretation of the importance of language for knowledge. The revival of ancient skepticism in early XVIth century has been considered one of the major forces in the development of modern thought, especially as regards the discussion about the nature of knowledge and the sciences. Richard PopkinRead MoreEssay about Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide3546 Words   |  15 Pagesanalytic nor continental philosophy are truly cohesive, unified, groups; much which seems inconsistent flows under their banner, as does much disagreement. However, today, few groups of any merit are cohesive and unified, if they ever were. Even science isnt unified any more. So much for fine print bordering on the platitudinous. This paper has four sections. The first section places analytic and continental philosophy within a historical tradition, specifically in relation to Kant. The second

Analytical Differentiation Of 1 Alkyl 3 - 3661 Words

Draft 5 Analytical Differentiation of 1-Alkyl-3-acylindoles and 1-Acyl-3-alkylindoles: Isomeric Synthetic Cannabinoids Jack DeRuiter, Forrest T. Smith, Karim Abdel-Hay and C. Randall Clark* Department of Drug Discovery and Development Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849 * Corresponding Author: Professor C. Randall Clark, Ph. D. clarkcr@auburn.edu phone 334-844-8326 fax 334-844-8331 Abstract The 1-alkyl-3-acylindoles and the inverse regioisomeric 1-acyl-3-alkylindoles can be prepared directly from a common set of precursor materials and using similar synthetic strategies. The EI mass spectra for these isomers show a number of unique ions which allow for the differentiation of the 1-alkyl-3-acylindole compounds from the inverse regioisomeric 1-acyl-3-alkylindoles. The base peak at m/z 214 in the 1-n-pentyl-3-benzoylindole represents the M-77 cation fragment resulting from the loss of the phenyl group and this ion is not observed in the inverse isomer. The 1-benzoyl-3-n-pentylindole inverse regioisomer shows a base peak at m/z 105 for the benzoyl cation. Thus, these two base peaks are the result of fragmentation initiated at the carbonyl-oxygen for both isomers. The 1-pentyl-3-benzoylindole is characterized by the strong intensity carbonyl band at 1703 cm-1 while the amide carbonyl appears as a strong band of equal intensity at 1681 cm-1 in the 1-benzoyl-3-pentyl regioisom er. 1. Introduction A number of synthetic cannabinoids includingShow MoreRelatedDifferentiation Of Cyclic Tertiary Amine Cathinone Derivatives4413 Words   |  18 Pages Differentiation of Cyclic Tertiary Amine Cathinone Derivatives by Product Ion Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry Younis Abiedalla1, 2, Karim Abdel-Hay1, 3, Jack DeRuiter1 and C. Randall Clark1* (1) Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA (2) Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya (3) Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlexandriaRead MoreEssay The Chemistry and Effects of Benzodiazepines (BZD)2645 Words   |  11 PagesBZD abusers in forensic settings was demonstrated and the most important analytical techniques used for screening and measurement of BZD in forensic laboratory were described. In this project, selected gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) spectra of diazepam (MS lab, Prof M. Abdel-Hamid) for confirmation and quantitation of diazepam are presented. 1. Introduction: BZD are a group of chemically synthetic compounds that

The Ethics of Steroid Use in the Olympics Essay examples

The desire to compete — and win — is as old as history itself. From the beginnings of sport, athletes have sought out foods and potions to turn their bodies into winning machines. As early as 776 BCE, the very first Olympic games, there are records of attempts to increase testosterone levels (â€Å"Steroid Abuse in Sports†). Ancient Greek wrestlers ate vast amounts of meat to gain muscle mass, and Norse â€Å"Berserker† warriors took hallucinogenic mushrooms before battle. The first competitive athletes to be charged for doping, however, were swimmers in 1860s Amsterdam. Doping of all kinds, from caffeine to cocaine to anabolics quickly spread to other sports (â€Å"Anabolic Steroids, a Brief History†). Artificial testosterone was first synthesized in†¦show more content†¦Now, athletes can be fined up to $1 million if they test positive for steroids (â€Å"Use of Steroids in Olympic Sports†). The Olympics now have various organizatio ns and committees delegated to testing for and eliminating the use of performance enhancing drugs. The most recent Olympic committee for the Games in Vancouver was partnered with the World Anti-Doping Agency, the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport, L’Institut national de la recherche scientifique — Institut Armand-Frappier, the United States Anti-Doping Agency, and LifeLabs to collect and test approximately 2450 blood and urine samples (â€Å"Anti-Doping Initiatives†). Their meticulousness and commitment was most definitely justified. Olympic athletes implicitly agree to a social contract of fair competition. Those athletes who take steroids have an unfair advantage over those who do not, and therefore these athletes are breaking this social contract. Some argue that Olympic athletes should perform at their absolute maximum potential, and steroids should be allowed if they assist in achieving this goal. A counterpoint to this argument is the constant improvemen t in measured â€Å"success†, that is Olympic record setting, in spite of the ban on steroids. Fairness is not the only issue at play. There areShow MoreRelatedThe Athletes And Professional Athletes1455 Words   |  6 Pagescommon attractions, strength and physique. In today’s society, most of the strong men are professional athletes. This range of professional athletes varies from linebackers in the NFL, who need size to tackle running backs or even baseball players who use their muscles to hit home runs over 400 feet. In order to become a great athlete, one must challenge themselves to attain a level of maximum strength. This means weight training with weights 100% to 200% of one’s total body weight roughly two or threeRead MoreWhy Performance-Enhancing Drugs Are Ruining Sports Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sports are something that everyone in the world, regardless of age, sex, or nationality, can enjoy. Whether its a child playing in his first t-ball game or a professional athlete swimming in the Olympics and everyone in between, sports can connect almost everyone. Fan support and overall devotion for athletic competition has raised professional athletes to superstars and national icons; Super Bowl Sunday is a national holiday to some, and sports are one of the largest moneymakersRead MoreThe Drawbacks Of Anabolic Steroids1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Drawbacks of Anabolic Steroids and Why They Should Stay Illegal Anabolic steroids have been used and taken by humans for over half a century. The effects they provide have developed large ongoing debates as to whether these substances should be allowed to the general public. Anabolic steroid in short provide the human body a much grander potential to build muscle by helping the cells within the body produce more muscle fibers at an astonishing rate that could never be achieved naturally. ManyRead MorePro Doping in Sports Debate825 Words   |  4 Pagesallegedly provided by the use of steroids, along with the increased risk of harm to the alternative of less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone the right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibit track stars or weightlifters from taking risks with their health in pursuit of their goals? -Robert Simon, PhD Professor of Philosophy at Hamilton College Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport 2003 Seeking anRe ad MoreSteroids : A Lifestyle Of Cheating1639 Words   |  7 Pagesclear, beans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH, or human growth hormone. The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. Steroids promote increased muscle gain and muscle mass. Steroids are also highly addictiveRead MoreA Lifestyle Of Cheating1512 Words   |  7 Pageshype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH, or human growth hormone. The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. According to Fox News,  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬5% of middle school and high school aged- children have or currently use anabolicRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Steroids Use1525 Words   |  7 Pagesbeans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH (human growth hormone). The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. Some athletes seeking increased muscular strength and size abuse anabolic steroids (Ricki Lewis)Read MoreSteroid Hormones And Its Effects On The Body2137 Words   |  9 PagesThe term steroids are defined as, One of a large group of chemical substances classified by a specific carbon structure. Steroids include drugs used to relieve swelling and inflammation, such as prednisone and cortisone; Vitamin D; and some sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol (medicine net, The Web). According to the medical source, Among them are male and female sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. Vitamins of the D group are steroids involved in calcium metabolism. CholesterolRead MoreSteriods in Sports Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pageshelp of steroids. There is a current debate of allowing steroids to be legal in sports. Steroids should not be allowed in sports. Some people ask why. This research paper will give those people just a few of the many reasons why it should not be allowed. Through examining dangers of steroid abuse, ethics in sports, and characteristics of individuals who take and use steroids, it is evident that steroids should not be allowed in sports. First I will examine the dangers of steroid abuse. Steroids effectsRead MoreAre You Really My Hero?1216 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Carly Smith ENGL 112 80N-N1-201420 13 December 2014 Are You Really My Hero? â€Å"Heroes have their scars. Some you can see, some you read about later on.† George Foreman Growing up we all had our dreams of winning the gold medal in an Olympic event, scoring that game winning basket, being a prize fighter, or hitting the homerun with bases loaded in a World Series. We imagined the feeling of success and glory but we also realized that few do accomplish such. Seeing such deeds are what

Problems In Accessing Health Care Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Nepal has made important advancement in cut downing infant mortality in the last few decennaries. The infant mortality rate in Nepal has dropped from 113 per 1000 in 1987 to 48 per 1000 unrecorded births in 2006. However ; this diminution is non equal to run into the Millennium Development Goal ( MDG-4 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Problems In Accessing Health Care Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the grounds for this is, the hapless diminution in neonatal mortality rate ( NMR ) .The neonatal mortality accounts 69 per centum of IMR ( 33 in 48 ) .1 The MDG-4 can non be met unless we do more to cut down neonatal deceases, particularly in developing states in Africa and South Asia.2 Further betterment in infant endurance is critically linked to improved newborn endurance. Each twelvemonth 4 million babes die in the four hebdomads of life – the neonatal period. That is more than 10000 deceases a twenty-four hours. Most of these deceases are live and remain unseeable to all. Virtually, 99 per centum of these deceases occur in developing countries.2 Government wellness services are non the chief contact points while they become sick. When unwellness occurs, a scope of local attention suppliers are available. Choices are made within a web of traditional and allopathic options that besides encompasses sensed costs, geographical and climatic restraints, and the clip of twenty-four hours, the type of unwellness, cultural and spiritual concerns and opportunity. Seeking of medical aid is done merely after supplier shopping. Family patterns and behaviour drama a cardinal function in the attention of newborn. Inappropriate eating and other patterns predispose neonates to hazard of complications and delayed acknowledgment of unwellness and delayed wellness seeking may take to a potentially preventable decease. Hence it is of huge value to understand community perceptual experiences about newborn wellness in order to invent behavioral alteration communicating schemes. Newborn mortality remains a serious job in the underdeveloped universe. Every twelvemonth 30000 Nepali kids die before they are 28 yearss old.The state with a NMR 33 per 1000 unrecorded births has the 3rd highest neonatal mortality in the universe 1 The hazard of decease in the neonatal period in developing parts of the universe is more than six times the hazard in developed regions.3 To day of the month, Child endurance programmes in the development universe have tended to concentrate on Pneumonia, Diarrhoea, malaria and Vaccines preventable diseases, which chiefly causes deceases after the first month of life. In add-on Safe maternity programmes have focused chiefly on the female parent. Prevention of newborn deceases has been lost between kid endurance and safe maternity programmes. 1, 2, Rationale for the survey The pattern of appropriate wellness seeking has a great potency to cut down the happening of terrible and dangerous newborn unwellnesss. Information on the wellness seeking behavior helps the policy shapers set schemes to diminish the mortality due to Newborn unwellnesss. However, no such surveies have been reported from Nepal specially done Dalit community. Newborns attention is one of the national precedence plans. Governments are get downing to include newborn ‘s demands in national wellness policies in conformity with the Convention on the rights of the kid and other international committednesss. A few states are developing specific policies for newborn wellness ; for illustration, Nepal, had developed National Neonatal Health Strategy ( 2004 ) , National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health- Long Term Plan ( 2006-2017 ) and Community Based Newborn Care Package ( CBNCP ) 2008. Improved family patterns and usage of services, frequently at the community degree, will increase newborn endurance. Behaviour, that is, attention for or usage of services by female parents and neonates, is cardinal. Therefore, this survey has been designed to measure the determiners of wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness in Dalit community, which will be a utile piece of information for policy shapers to put schemes to diminish newborn morbidity and mortality. Besides, it will be utile for the research worker to place the factors related to newborn unwellness and attention seeking behavior of Dalit community and hence develop farther research in this country. The intent of this survey is to measure wellness seeking behavior of the female parents during newborn unwellness and to observe the consequence of socio- demographic, socio-cultural, economic and disease-related variables, on female parent ‘s attention seeking behavior during newborn unwellness. The intent i s to measure the grounds for preferred attention seeking behavior and female parents ‘ cognition about danger marks of Newborns. Literature Review Newborn Care The female parent should take her newborn babe to the nearest wellness attention installation ( SHP ) if the babe has/is, hapless eating or suction, hapless call, refusal to feed, stiffness of the organic structure, xanthous stain of organic structure, fast external respiration, bluish babe ( bluish lips ) , discharge from the Umbilicus or eyes, hot or cold babe on touch, being born excessively early or excessively little at birth, grunting respiration, lassitude, diarrhea, etc.9 About all believed in giving foremilks, although a few grandmas were against it, because they thought that it was old and stored milk, and therefore non good for the babe. Almost everyone believed in utilizing day-to-day addendums, H2O, or honey along with chest milk. Very few female parents expressed cognition about sole breastfeeding ; nevertheless, they were concerned that they may non be able to pattern due to the contrary sentiment of the grandmothers.8 Causes of Neonatal Death Estimates from 2000 of the distribution of direct causes of decease indicate that preterm birth ( 28 per centum ) , terrible infections ( 36 per centum ) , including sepsis/pneumonia ( 26 per centum ) , tetanus ( 7 per centum ) , and diarrhea ( 3 per centum ) , and complications of asphyxia ( 23 per centum ) history for most neonatal deceases. Of the staying 14 per centum, 7 per centum of deceases were related to inborn abnormalcies 2 Late neonatal deceases are chiefly due to infections. Case direction of neonatal infections is chiefly provided through child-health services, both in installations and through family-community attention. Remarkable advancement has been made in cut downing neonatal lockjaw, but riddance is an unfinished planetary committedness, originally scheduled for 1995, so broadened to maternal and neonatal lockjaw and postponed to 2005.12 Neonatal lockjaw is now responsible for a little proportion of planetary neonatal deceases ( 6 per centum ) and is about entirely a disease of the hapless. It is eminently preventable, but the universe looks set to lose the riddance mark for a 2nd clip, while turn overing out much more expensive intercessions, such as bar of mother-to-child transmittal of HIV/AIDS. 2 Problems in accessing wellness attention On being asked about health-care seeking, most felt that it was appropriate to first seek home-based redresss and so seek medical attending. If medical attending was required, they preferred to take the kid foremost to the unqualified small town practicians and so to authorities infirmaries. Reasons for non taking a ill babe to the authorities infirmary included distant location, long waiting lines, and impolite and indurate behavior of the staff. 8 It is likely that Behavioural alteration intercessions and communications preparation of wellness services forces could potentially better opportunities for endurance if they result in neonates being seen quickly and serious unwellnesss being identified every bit early as possible. 9 Newborn – A National Priority Government of Nepal developed a national newborn wellness scheme program to the twelvemonth 2017 through a advisory procedure, affecting representatives from diverse backgrounds e.g. , neonatology, safe maternity, and community mobilization. Although strong leaders are of import, the power of civil society, including the imperativeness, should non be ignored. Community authorization should be a basis of programme design.12 Involving and authorising communities-not simply aiming them-seems to amplify the consequence of intercessions 12 and increases answerability of clinical attention suppliers. Dalit community – province of exclusion Despite the best attempts of Plan Nepal to make them, many people within its programme countries have still non benefited. Those surveyed, peculiarly Terai Dalits rely about wholly on agribusiness. Unfair and exploitatory labor dealingss in the agribusiness sector contribute to the digesting want. More than 40 per centum of Madhesi Dalit families, in a province of practical bondage, depend on ; local money loaners, normally rich husbandmans, to survive.13 There are Madhesi Dalits 4.7 per centum of entire population Literacy rate of Dalit adult females was 11 per centum and life anticipation of Dalit adult females was 42.14 Dalits are most excluded, partially due to their deficiency of consciousness and partially to caste-based favoritism. Dalits have the highest per centum of unmet demand of contraceptive method about 35 per centum and 2nd last entree to Antenatal attention ( 58 per centum ) .14 These are the factors that Mothers and their neonates remains most vulnerable. Among Tera i Dalits, although about all went to a wellness station, the pattern of health- seeking behavior is really really hapless. They go to wellness stations for immunisation but are loath to travel when they are sick.13 Research Aims General aim A ; gt ; To place factors impacting wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellnesss in Dalit community of Sunsari territory Specific aims A ; gt ; To place socio – demographic and socio – cultural factors act uponing the wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness. A ; gt ; To research cognition of female parents act uponing the wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness. A ; gt ; To happen out wellness seeking pattern for newborn unwellness. A ; gt ; To measure the handiness and handiness of wellness services act uponing the wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness. Operational Definitions Health seeking behavior Behavior of neonate ‘s female parent who consulted for aid and intervention of newborn unwellness from authorities wellness installations and private hospitals/clinics was known as Health seeking behaviour. Dalit community The socially excluded group of people given the name as Dalits such as Mushahar, Chamar, Paswan, Tatma, Khatway, Bantar, Dom, Chidimar, Dhobi, Halkhor are considered as Dalit community, as mentioned in ( Caste/Ethnic Groupings, Planning Commission ) Education of the female parent It was defined as figure of schooling twelvemonth completed by the female parent. It included nonreader who can non read and compose and literate who can read and compose with formal schooling. Among literate, they were categorized as primary degree instruction ( formal schooling up to standard five ) , secondary degree instruction ( formal schooling up to standard 10 ) and above secondary. Income position of the household It was categorized on the footing of adequateness of the household ‘s income to feed their household. There were four class of income position such as: – Daily earning and day-to-day disbursal that has to gain day-to-day for day-to-day nutrient – Adequate for one-three months whose annual income was equal for one to three months to feed their household? – Adequate for four to six months, households that had income adequate for four to six months to feed their household. – Adequate for seven to twelve months, households that had income adequate for seven to twelve months to feed their household. Knowledge of female parents sing symptoms of unwellness Knowledge of the female parent was measured in footings of the figure of the right reply of marks and symptoms as reported by respondent and categorized it as hapless cognition, mean cognition and first-class cognition. Mother Mother holding kids less than 6 month of age of the Inaruwa Ilaka, Sunsari. However the inquiry was asked to the female parent about the first month of her baby. Percept on behavior of wellness workers The old experience of female parents with the behavior of the wellness worker. Use of free services It refers to the cognition about the handiness of free wellness services at Government wellness Institution, addition in the figure of visit by female parent of neonate from Dalit community after deduction of free services and the perceptual experience of service hr. Percept on service Hour Percept of wellness installation gap clip which is really frequently 10am to 2pm. Appropriate attention Care sought from qualified medical professionals in authorities wellness installations and private hospitals/clinics. Inappropriate attention Other type of attention such as buying medical specialties from pharmaceutics, place redresss, sing pharmaceuticss, temples and traditional therapists was defined as inappropriate attention. Prompt attention Any type of attention that was sought/given within 24 hours from the acknowledgment of the unwellness Conceptual model Religion Education Age Occupation Economic Status New Born Baby Care Practice Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Symptoms of Illness Socio Demographic and Socio Cultural No. of New Born Baby Aware of handiness of wellness service Health Seeking Behavior for Newborn Illness Transportation system Accessibility of Health Service Household Decision Maker Use of free service Methodology Study Design A descriptive and cross-sectional survey design Study Area The survey will carry on in Inaruwa Ilaka of Sunsari District. The territory and Inaruwa Ilaka will be purposively selected for the survey. Sunsari territory is one of the eastern territories of Nepal consists of 15 Ilaka, 49 VDC and 3 Municipality. III. Data aggregation technique – Direct interview with female parents of babies. IV. Data aggregation tools – Pre tested structured and semi structured questionnaires will be used for direct interview Sampling frame Entire female parents holding kids less than 6 months of age of Inaruwa Illka from Dalits such as Mushahar, Chamar, Paswan, Tatma, Khatway, Bantar, Dom, Chidimar, Dhobi, Halkor are the sampling frame. Sampling Design Simple Random Sampling Sample size The entire no of Dalit female parents ( 150 ) holding kids less than 6 months of age from the choice countries are the sample size. Ethical Considerations Data will be collected merely after blessing from Research Committee, School of Public Health ( SRM University ) after taken permission from District Health Office, Inaruwa Municipality and Village Development Committee. Consent of the caput of the household or Husband of the respondent and the consent of the respondent will be taken prior to roll up informations. The information collect in the survey is merely usage for the survey purposes no individualized information will be exposed. Restriction of the survey Merely one Ilaka will be taken as the survey country and merely Dalit population are the survey population therefore the consequence may non be generalized to the big population. To obtain such information big graduated table survey is necessary. Bias Reduction Choice Bias Minimize Randomization Information Bias Minimize Structural Inquirers Confusing Variable Decrease Mothers Having Baby less than 6 months of age Time Line S.N Activities 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th hebdomad 1 Sample Selection, Rapport Building and Data aggregation 2 Data Collection 3 Data Collection Data Compilation and Data Entry 4 Dada Analysis and Report Writing How to cite Problems In Accessing Health Care Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Financial Market and Institutes

Question: Discuss about the Financial Market and Institutes. Answer: Introduction Section 1 Part A : a): The general rule of the timing providing financial service guide to the client when the entity providing financial guide becomes apparent that the service is likely to be provided to the client. However, there are cases which becomes critical to time and are accordingly provided to the needs of clients. If the clients gives instruction that they want the service to be provided immediately or when they specify the time. It is not reasonable to provide service to the client without any instruction. As such the entity provides the client with the statement that contain information relevant to the financial service provided. The guide regarding the financial service must be given to the client within five days after the statement is provided, or sooner if it is practicable (Ammer et al .2012). b): The financial service guide can be provided by way of financial advice and by providing investment solutions. c): Financial service guide is a document which has been designed to assist the client in deciding whether to buy any financial product or not. It contain information about the entity providing financial service, the financial services offered, the product and services provided by the entity, remuneration received by the entity and how the other person are paid in connection with the services provided by the entity. It also contains information about the way of dealing with the complaint which the client may have about the product and services and it should also contain the contact details of communicating the complain. The privacy policy of the entity providing financial advice (Andersen and Kunkel 2013). Part B : Several questions are asked by the financial service guide while some of the open ended questions to be asked from the client may include the total value of assets and the income earned by the client and if there would be any change in income in the recent years. Details of the current financial situations have to be asked for. Part C: The personal information about the client is asked directly from the client itself or from the third parties or any other sources. In order to update the contact details of the client, the entity relies on the publicly available information. Other information is exchanged through the legal advisors or other representatives. Several other information would be collected without notifying the client. In order to gather information about the insurance, the entity needs to contact the insurer. James seeks advice on his current investment strategy and he is actively engaged in share market. He has provided the entity with the portfolio of shares which he has bought and invested. The income statement is also provided by the client, the assets, other relevant information has also been provided. Using these information, the advisor and they would be able to administer and manager the product and service. Advisor will seek accurate information and the clients need to keep the advisor updated about any changes to ensure that the recommendation is made relevant to the personal needs and situations (Ennew and Waite 2013). Part D : The budget needs to be worked out. The estimates of surplus income every month needs to be asked which would be put towards saving. The questions need to ask from client is the income left after deducting the amount of tax. Any other income has also to be accounted for. The expenses needs to be taken into consideration Annual salary = $ 160000 Taxable income = $ 174500 Tax on taxable income = $ 52512 Income after tax = $ 121988 Dividend= $ 8500 Interest = $ 1800 Expense = $ 15000 for holidaying per year Toatal monthly income as per ANZ calculator = $ 10158 Total monthly expenses = $ 1250 Therefore, surplus = $ 8908 So, the estimated income and expenses should be asked from the client. The amount of funds he has lined up in cash account. If he has any other liability which he has to pay off, should also be taken into consideration. Section 2 Part A : James Macready has been investing in the shares since he was young and has a portfolio of shares of different companies listen on the Australian stock exchange. The charges, taxes ,fees and any other liability related to the portfolio has to be asked from the client. The cash holding, process payment, quarterly or annual report of the tax payment and the related documents need to be asked for. If the client wants the control of existing assets to the financial advisory, they need to supply them with the annual tax report for getting the details of tax information. In this case, James is holding a portfolio of shares, so the advisory needs to have access of having the leading research of the industry. The documents relating to the regular reporting and reviews of the portfolio the online access regarding the details of the portfolio and the printable annual reports should be provided to the advisory as well. This would help in eliminate g the day to day involvement in the portfolio, this would enable the client James in keeping the control on the selection of the investment strategy. There can be some fee related administrative issues which m ight hinder the performance of the portfolio. The method of paying the fees by the client has to be accounted for, whether the fees is paid by any third parties or there is any account for paying asset based fees and whether the client follow any fee structure that is bundled which means it includes both the expenses and fees. Such types of administrative issues needs to be accounted for so that the advisory body is able to make the recommendation accordingly (Brigham and Ehrhart 2013.). Part B: James Macready is keen to accumulate wealth for the future and along with that it wants to keep aside some amount of money attributing to the miscellaneous expenses. He expects to get return from his investment at the rate of 9 % per annum. He has been investing in the shares and is well acquainted with the market scenario and does the full research of the company before investing. He has understanding that the markets keeps on fluctuating the return from the portfolio keeps varying and different sectors has different characteristics of taxation and growth. He needs the portfolio to vary moderately and should not be exposed to wide fluctuations. Any fall in the return is seen him as the calculative risks and it waits for the market movements to have in its favor of the stocks. Macready wants to accumulate wealth for long term as he has surplus funds to do so. Considering the above facts the client could be concluded as an assertive investors seeking growth as he is able to park most of his surplus in the investment and has an interest in accumulating wealth for long term. He is willing to accept higher volatility with moderate risks. He wants to maximize the return by properly diversifying the portfolio. This could be done by applying some aggressive investment strategy which needs some aggressive stocks to be included in the portfolio which would maximize the return in the favorable scenario. The client cannot be concluded as aggressive investors because he does not want to be exposed to the risks and he cannot be a conservative investor also because he is willing to take moderate risks and seeking for growth and make its investment decision while keeping a watch on the market movements. He has a option of investing in wide range of assets classes. Section 2: Part C : The portfolio of James comprised of the shares of the ten companies which is listed on the Australian stock exchange. He is thinking that the performance of the companies is not up to expectation and the return of the companies is also not certain. So he is wanting to diversify the portfolio so that the return from the portfolio is maximized. One of the ways of diversifying the portfolio is including the risk free assets in the portfolio which is the government bonds, treasury bills which will give a fixed return. the client should in Australian government bonds which provides a stable and regular income as the interest and principal amount is paid by the Australian government and can be liquidated easily on the stock exchange. The client has a inclination towards investing in the international companies. He should be wise in choosing the recognized and reputed company so that the transactions are carried out at ease. The investment should be made in those country which currency value is more than the Australian dollar, so that the return can be maximized. Other thing is that the tax savings should also be taken into consideration. The advisory should recommend the client to invest in such shares of the company listed on the Australian stock exchange which pays franked dividend which means such company has franking credits attached to them, as such the company has already made the tax payment. This would protect the investors from paying additional tax thus saving the amount of tax paid. Companies having franking credits should be included and they should form a major part of the portfolio (Martellini et al, 2014). The high profile companies should form portfolio. Investing in the international equities wou ld be of benefit to the investors because it carries a high rate of interest and also the government of Australia wants the inflow of foreign currency into their, so it would be beneficial to invest in the international market carrying higher interest rate. Australian managed fund have been developed to the investors which are indifferent to the market which would help them in encompassing the international markets. It would provide the investors an opportunity to invest in a highly diversified market. The investor needs to look for the best performing mutual funds in Australia. And which has a potential for high growth . this would provide guarantee of capital as well as with additional security to the investors. There is a option of investing in the exchange traded or open ended and close ended funds which would provide the current income and capital appreciation for long term. Global depository receipt is another tool which could be used as an investment strategy by the investors as it allows them to sell and buy the shares of a foreign company or make the transactions without opening any brokerage accounts. These companies would help in diversify their portfolio. Moreover , when the stocks of home country are under performing , GDR helps in investing in the shares of other countries. Investments is not exposed to any risk and the valuation or the return from the investments is only due to the normal market risks. This would help in creating space in diversifying the investment portfolio. Part D : Mr. James Macready can consider for investing for investing in the aggressive shares of Australian company for short term. He can sell of the shares at the end of a particular year. Short term cash investment can be done . investor can opt for government treasury bills with the short term maturity . so that investment can be cashed easily. High quality treasury bills and money market funds are some of the appropriate investment strategy. Another short term investment is the certificates of deposits as it requires investors to commit the funds a period of time. Demand deposits and commercial paper are another investment strategies. Medium term investment strategies according to the needs of the investor could be long term instruments having maturity for more than a year or two. Medium term government can be purchased by the investors which comes along with coupon also. This would provide stable return and is free from any default. Corporate bonds could also be invested in. investing in shares of the company for medium term is also an option. Medium term investors look for investments with the moderate risk and which has a expected return of 6-7 % approximately. Such a type of balanced investment option is given by managed funds in which the money is pooled with other willing investors to buy and sell the shares of the company on the investors behalf. This would help in providing the better return and any negative return for a short period would grow back over the period of time which would offset the negative return. this investment strategy is considered appropriate for medium term investment for the investors . Part E : The portfolio of James Macready include the shares of mainly the banking sectors and the multinational mining corporations and one or few trusts. The mining sectors company forms a major part of the portfolio. Now, the portfolio needs to be diversified and ythis would be done by looking on the performance of the respective stocks. The stocks which are under performing should be sold and those whose performance is good. Here, the BHP billion limited was under performing but in the recent year , there has been an uptrend, expecting the share price to rise in the future. Boral limited has been performing well and is expected to be in uptrend in the future also. The CSL limited company is bullish and the prices are ever rising, for the lend lease Corp, though the price was in uptrend, in the recent year, the price fell indicating that the company is bearish. The Rio tinted ltd is also on a downfall and long term return is bearish. The share price of national Australia bank is also on a downfall. The Telstra Corp was on a rising trend but there was a fall in the recent year but the price is estimated to be stable. The share price of general property trust is ever rising and it is also expected to go up in the future. There has been a wide fluctuation and instability of share price of common wealth bank and the price is expected to fluctuate in the future also. We can see that the few of the stocks are n ot performing up to the expectation of the investors and needs to be sold for maximizing the long term return (Helpman 2014). Telstra Corp and lend lease Corp have been under performer for quite a long time and they should be sold off. Some of the stocks needs to be included in the portfolio having a good return over a considerable period of time. West Pac Banking Corp has a good long term return. if we assume that the portfolio comprised of 10 stocks each 50 shares . then 50 shares of Westpac needs to be included in the portfolio at the price of $ 30.37. another stock to be included in the portfolio is DEXUS property group which is bullish on its return and would provide beneficial in long generating long term return. so 50 shares of DEXUS group would be included at the current purchase price of $ 8.75. Part F : The recommendation has been made to diversify the portfolio and one stock of DEXUs property group has been included. This is because the stock is bullish in its return and is expected to perform well in the future which would maximize the portfolio return and has a dividend yield of 5.08 %. . the reason for recommending this particular stock is also that the sector is performing well which makes it reasonable to include. The stock which has been recommended to exclude from the portfolio is BHP billion limited, national Australian bank, Rio Tinto , Iiuka resources limited and the reason is that the stock is bearish on its return. the price of the share is expected to fall in the future. The share price declined by over 17 % in the past days bringing the price to a drastically low level. So this bearish behavior of the stock is the reason behind its exclusion from the portfolio. The stock is unexpectedly down and this would provide a negative return and hence should be excluded. The above three stocks has to be excluded from the portfolio and this is because the growth rate of all the above three stocks is negative and if it would be included then this would lead to a fall in the return of the investment. Bhp billion gives a negative return of 18.04 %, national Australian bank gives a negative return of 3.16%, Rio Tinto limited gives a negative return of 13.22 %, and iiuka limited yield a negative retu rn of 17.33 %. The stocks have been excluded and the same amount contributing to the above stocks have been allocated to the rest of the stocks so as to generate a positive return in future, the amount of the above stocks have been attributed to the rest of the stocks, and allocated according to the stocks which has performed the best in the recent current year. Part G : Summary of Current Situation and Objective : The client is single and is willing to accumulate wealth for long term and has a portfolio of shares of different stocks. He wants to make some investment in assets and wants to change its investment strategy suitable to the market scenario. He has a objective of diversifying the portfolio so as to maximize the returns. Summary of our strategy and recommendations : For Short Term treasury bills, certificate of deposits, commercial paper, short term cash investment and money market funds ahs to be opted for making the short term investment. For Medium Term- managed fund is a good option along with the corporate and government bonds with longer maturity. Summary of Expected Outcome If Advice is Implemented The recommendation is to buy the stock of two companies which are bullish and exclude the companies which are bearish . this would help in maximizing the return of the portfolio. Also if the client invests in government bonds, this would provide a stable and regular income. Risk in Advice : There might be some uncertainties related to the market performance which gets influenced by the macroeconomic variable and this could pose risk. Fees and Commission : The fees and commission would be payable in Australian dollars. The initial commission is a one off payment and is calculated as a percentage of the amount invested. For investment amount we charge 0 % to 5.6 % of the investment amount. Reasons For Seeking Advice : The client is not able to devote required time in handling the portfolio of shares which he possess and also the clients wants to accumulate the wealth for long term and is s seeking advice for appropriate investment strategies suitable to his situation. Objective of client as understood by the advisory: The financial service guide understands the profile of the client who has interest in investing the assets of classes and wants to generate wealth for long term. He has a tendency of moving with the market scenario and is risk and tax reasonable. Client 1 Client 2 First name(s) James Surname mavcready Date of birth 4 March , 1980 Current age 36 Marital status Single Health status Good Smoker status No Employment status Family owned business Employer name Macready parking Occupation Operations manager Annual salary $ 160000 Children and dependants details : Dependant- Mable and Jock Macready ( parent ) Existing Insurance : Personal insurance $ 1100 Car insurance 0 Home contents Insurance $ 500000 Health insurance $ 200000 Existing Estate Planning : James does not have any power of attorney and he has his parents as joint holders of his will and has nominated them and also informed that he does not seek any assistance regarding estate. Financial Information : Client 1 Client 2 Total Assessable income $ 175600 Income after tax $ 121988 Yearly expenses $ 73300 Estimated surplus $ 48688 Discussion Points : The clients wants to estimate the saving which he makes yearly. For this the income after tax has to be determined . the estimated expenditure also needs to be assessed. And then the surplus is estimated. Assets and Liabilities : Value Liability Net value Home $ 600000 0 $ 600000 Home contents 0 0 Motor vehicles $ 40000 0 $ 40000 PERSONAL ASSETS Employer superannuation $ 200000 0 Savings account $ 85000 0 INVESTMENT ASSETS Shares $ 245000 0 Net worth $ 1170000 Risk Profile : The client seeks to have investment strategy to accumulate the wealth and have long term return. the client is an assertive investor who has surplus income to invest in the growth funds. The client is aware of the market conditions and is willing to take moderate risks. He is willing to diversify the portfolio and is seeking asset allocation to maximize the return. he is advised to have risk free assets in its portfolio and also to invest via global depository receipts. The stocks which are to be included which is aggressive and is able to give more return in the market scenario. Strategy Recommendations : Recommendation 1 : The portfolio of the client should include a risk free assets which provides a stable and regular income as the client is seeking some fixed income. It would include government bonds, treasury bills which does not make any default in its payments. Recommendation 2: The client is seeking to make some investments in international equities. It is advised to invest in the shares of high profile company and in such country whose value of currency is more than that of home currency. Recommendation 3 The client is recommended to invest in the shares of the foreign companies through global depository receipt as it would allow to invest in the shares of foreign companies when the home county company is under performing. Recommendation 4 The portfolio of assets should include those companies listen on ASX which has been attached with franking credits as it would save the investors from double tax. Recommendation 5 The existing portfolio should exclude the stock which have been under performer for quite long time and include such stocks which are bullish in its performance and would yield maximum return. Things to Consider : Insurance : James has an insurance agent who look after the insurance matters and so he has not asked any assistance regarding the insurance matters. Estate Planning : The client also does not require any special assistance regarding the will as he feels that it is in place and he has already nominated the will to his parents. Taxation Issues : The client seeks for reasonable tax payment. Since the client is seeking some reasonable saving on tax , it is recommended to the client that he should invest in the shares of such companies which is listed on the Australian stock exchange which enjoys franking credit and this would allow his to avoid double taxation and thus would enjoy the amount of tax saved. Asset Allocation After Implementation of Recommendations : Asset allocation Weight Risk profile weight Variance (weight) Defensive assets Australian cash 0.1 0 0 Australian fixed interest 0.1 0 0 International fixed interest 0.1 0 0 Total for defensive assets 0.3 0 0 Growth assets Australian equities 0.3 0.4 0.4 Australian property 0.2 0.2 0.2 International equities 0.2 0.4 0.4 International property 0 0 0 Total for growth assets 0.7 10 10 Grand total 10 10 10 The projected superannuation amount is $ 2000000 calculated by using superannuation calculator. And this projected amount would be distributed among defensive assets and growth assets. If we evenly allocate the amount among defensive assets , then we would be assigning equal weight of 0.1 to each that is 10 % and the total would comprise of 30 % of the amount allocated. The rest would be allocated among growth assets. The risk profile for each of the defensive assets would be zero and this is because of the reason that defensive assets provide fixed interest rate which does not fluctuate. Section 3: Part A a): The investment product offered by the financial service guide suitable to the needs of the client is the Ventura managed funds which would provide a wide range of portfolio for managing investment portfolio. The supplement information which would be needed to explain the product which is being recommended is that the products offered is not directly provided by the advisory bodies and they are also linked to several banks , fund managers which can affect the service . so while recommending the product, the points should be made clear to the client. b): every type of investment has some risk associated with it. the risk associated with the solution is that some of the money might be lost as the share price will fluctuate because of many factors and the level of return may vary and the future and past return may differ. c): the probable question that James might ask to the advisory is that is it possible to liquid the invested money when required. The answer would be that it the fund invested would be liquidated but it may not be rebalanced in a timely manner and at fair price. It is quite possible that the liquidation is made on some unfavourable terms which might lead to loss of money. d): Mr. James is interested in investing in the assets class and he would probably ask question regarding the range of assets class which is included in the managed invest schemes. So the answer to Mr. James question is that the managed investment schemes can be invested in a wide range of assets classes that is equity, bond, cash or any property. Depending upon the investment option, the return will also differ. Part B : The two managed funds which the clients has been asked to invest into is the Australian share fund that is the Australian equities. The investment manager has core capabilities across the capital market and uses research in constructing and implementing the portfolio. The exposure to risks for such securities could be mitigated by using derivatives instruments and applying various investment strategies to manage the risks. The other is to invest the funds in multi asset portfolio which would include Australian shares, property , global shares, Australian fixed interest rate. The manager make timely research and insight to analyse the key factors which affect the outcome of the investors and accordingly adjust and create strategies to adjust them. This type of managed fund would provide growth over the long term by solely on the growth assets. And at the same time the fluctuations in the capital market is also adjusted for a medium term. Here , the risk profile of both the managed funds are at same level but the client is seeking growth and willing to invest for long term. So it would be wise on the part of the client to invest in the multi assets portfolio and this is because the risk of one the content of the portfolio would offset the other one and thus providing a better return over the long term. Part C : James is an assertive investor and he has surplus income and is inclined toward investing in the capital growth funds. He is not satisfied with his current portfolio and is thinking that the shares have not performed up to his expectation. So he wants his portfolio to be balanced and using the aggressive investment strategy to manage the risk and has favourable return. He is willing to accept high volatility but wants to accumulate the wealth for long term and is not interest in the short term. So James portfolio should consists of multi assets and this should include defensive as well as growth assets , whereas the proportion of growth assets in the portfolio would be more than that of defensive assets. He has a inclination towards revising the portfolio and investing in the assets class which would comprise of cash, property, equities. So he has been provided with the option of either have a multi assets portfolio or he should invest in wide range of assets class (Guide 2013). The solution to the client regarding having multi asset portfolio , such assets are managed by the fund manager after looking into the needs of investors . the market segment has to be viewed precisely. The asset class including the international shares is expected to have high return with volatility. The strategy is suitable to Mr. James because he is also seeking investment in the overseas shares which have a investment horizon of long term and is willing to accepts the market risks if emerges. This investment strategy might have a possibility of negative return for short to medium term but it would be appropriate to the client because he is seeking long term growth and wants to accumulate wealth for in the long term. He wants his investment strategy to be aggressive. He can also reduce the currency risks by investing in global shares. So the best choice for James would be invest in a well diversified portfolio comprising of assets classes of the aggressive investment options which would provide benefit of return in long term. SOA Appendix 1 Cash flow statement Client 1 Client 2 Notes Income from employment Salary 160000 Salary sacrifice 0 Salary after salary sacrifice 160000 Other income Rental income 0 0 Unfranked dividends 0 Franked dividends 39800 4 % Franking (imputation) credits 4200 9800 * 30 %/70% Interest 1600 2% Other income, e.g. taxable benefits 0 Capital gains 1year Capital gains 1year Tax-free component of capital gains Assessable income 175600 Deductible expenses Rental expenses, repairs etc. Taxable income 174500 Tax on taxable income 52512 Non-refundable tax offsets (e.g. LITO/SATO) 0 Medicare levy 3490 Medicare levy surcharge 0 Franking rebate 4200 Refundable rebates and offsets 0 Total tax 55108 Income after tax 121988 SOA Appendix 2: Account Balance Projections: Time period Current situation Proposed Investment Portfolio value (assume all income is reinvested) Portfolio value (assume all income is reinvested) Start 690082.20 690082.20 Year 1 651989.80 798906.80 Year 2 627748.31 928939.20 Year 3 617354.15 1084800.96 Year 4 621237.02 1272181.33 Year 5 640304.07 1498091.83 Year 6 676005.93 1771182.70 Year 7 730419.68 2102136.26 Year 8 806367.45 2504156.25 Year 9 907562.74 2993576.59 Year 10 1038800.26 3590619.02 Table 2 Assumptions Value Current situation Proposed strategy Return period (monthly or annual) annual Real rate of return: Capital growth 1.99 11.4 Real rate of return: Income 4% 4.04 % Other Section 4 : Part A : The proposal to Mr. James to make an investment in the portfolio containing the wide range of assets is that he is not sure about the return on the securities of the foreign companies and how he would be able to manage the funding and the administration issue by residing here in Australia. The financial service guide has link with various institution which provides the financial services according to the needs of the client and they focuses on delivering the consistent and risk adjusted return to the client. These bodies are registered and are liable to provide financial security and they provide the best thinking from the world to help the investors of all sizes. The concern of James would be resolved by making him assure that the investment decisions and all the activities are regulated as per the guidelines and it would not prove to be hassle (Park et al, 2015). Part B : The fee charged by the Frontier Pty ltd would cover preparation of plan and formulation of strategies, and implementing the planned strategies, and researching of available funds. Other items covered under the fee include general enquiries of the client, updating and reviewing the portfolio and administering investments. Initial fee is paid by the client after the implementation of the full financial plan. The disclosure of fee and its calculate on is as follows : Service Fee Financial plan 1.1 % of the clients initial portfolio For initial and $ 1100 per year ongoing advice statement of advice $ 3300 Consulting fee $ 200 per hour Review fee for first $ 500000 it would be 1.1 % and above that it would be 0.66 % Annual fee for 19000 per annum Private clients Part C : The documents need to be completed by the client and he has to complete the application form which contains various information regarding the financial product being advised , and also the required information about the client. This would help in assessing the personal situation, objective and goals of the clients. The personal information of the client is collected through the questionnaire which is completed with the financial planner. The identity and the source of fund has to be verified and this would require the client to present identification documents such as passport and driving licence. The client needs to disclose all the personal information in order to avail the service. Section 5 : Part A : The service provided by the financial guide can be outlined in the following points : The financial service provided to the client would involve making the financial plans Implementing the strategies and formulating analysing the risks and recommending the product Reviewing the portfolio and updating In order for the financial guide to ensure that the service is delivered to the client, the service should be provided at the proper time to ensure that there is no delay in assisting the clients. Part B : The ongoing service is essential for the client with direct share portfolio because the service involves reviewing and updating the portfolio. The client is willing to diversify the portfolio so that it is able to generate good return. The risk associated with the prior stocks in the portfolio needs to be analysed and accordingly the stocks ahs to be excluded and the portfolio should be well diversified by including various assets classes. The analysis has to be done to identify the risks associated with the stocks of portfolio. So the ongoing service has to be told to the client. Reference : Ammer, J., Holland, S.B., Smith, D.C. and Warnock, F.E., 2012. US international equity investment.Journal of Accounting Research,50(5), pp.1109-1139. Andersen, A.B. and Kunkel, C., 2013. The Asset Managers Guide to Sustainable Regulatory Advantage. InGlobal Asset Management(pp. 308-341). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Ennew,C.and Waite, N., 2013.Financial Services Marketing: An International guide to Principles and Practice. Routledge. Fernndez, P., 2013. Company valuation methods.Available at SSRN 274973. Frankel, S. Herbert. Gold And International Equity Investment. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1969. Print. Goetzmann, William N, Massimo Massa, and Andrei Simonov. Portfolio Diversification And City Agglomeration. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. Print. Goetzmann, William N, Massimo Massa, and Andrei Simonov. Portfolio Diversification And City Agglomeration. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. Print. Guide, P., 2013. Introduction to the Financial Framework.Financial Management. Helpman, E., 2014. Foreign Trade and Investment: Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level Perspectives.Economica,81(321), pp.1-14. Loos, Nicolaus. Value Creation In Leveraged Buyouts. Wiesbaden: Deutscher UniversitaÃÅ'ˆts-Verlag, 2006. Print. Martellini, L., Milhau, V. and Tarelli, A., 2014. Estimation Risk versus Optimality Risk: AN EX-ANTE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE EQUITY PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES.Bankers, Markets Investors, (132), pp.26-42. Nilsson, Birger. International Asset Pricing, Diversification And Links Between National Stock Markets. Lund, Sweden: Distributed by the Dept. of Economics, Lund University, 2002. Print. Nilsson, Birger. International Asset Pricing, Diversification And Links Between National Stock Markets. Lund, Sweden: Distributed by the Dept. of Economics, Lund University, 2002. Print. Park, J.W., Kim, Y.H. and Kaizoji, T., 2015. Effects of the market factor on portfolio diversification: the case of market crashes.Investment Analysts Journal,44(1), pp.71-83. Report And Recommendation Of The President To The Board Of Directors On A Proposed Equity Investment In And Loan To Grameenphone Limited In The People's Republic Of Bangladesh For The Grameenphone Telecommunications Project. [Manila]: Asian Development Bank, 2013. Print.

Business Problem at Tesco PLC- Free Sample

Question - Write a brief project report on business problem at Tesco PLC ? Answer - Executive Summary This research is specifically focused towards analysing the business problem that has been evident in respect to Tesco Plc and the researcher has carried out this research in a specific manner aimed at achieving the research aims and objectives in a positive manner. The analysis has been carried out in the form of data collected by the application of primary research in the form of interviews with the managers at Tesco Plc and secondary data has been collected by way of applying the literature review technique in the form of critical assessment of the existing literature. On the basis of entire analysis as carried out, it has been evaluated that Tesco has faced large number of problems in its performance and the most significant one as noted as especially in terms of the leadership effectiveness issue. The organisation is facing the issue in terms of leading the organisation in an efficient way and this is mainly because of the inefficient leader Philips Clarke. His inefficient leade rship has created a range of problems related to pricing issues, branding issues, financial crisis in the form of frauds etc and all these issues have specifically affected the overall reputation of the company in an adverse manner. The performance of analysis has indicated findings that there is a need to consider the improvement over the leadership effectiveness at Tesco and at the same time, there should be focus made towards making strategic decisions in achieving higher organisational goals. This clarified that there are significant level of business issues that are evident and appropriate recommendations are provided in this research in order to address them in a positive manner. Background of the Business Decision/Problem The title of this research clarifies that it is focused towards analysing the business problems that have been encountered by Tesco Plc. An analysis of Tesco Plc indicates that it is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer that has its headquarter at Chesnut, UK. Tesco is one of the largest retailers based in UK, and it has achieved significant level of position throughout the entire retail industry based in UK. The group has more than 500000 people working for it, and this signifies that Tesco is operating at a large scale. It has its operations not only in UK, but the group has significant level of presence across the globe. Tesco for instance operates in 12 countries across the world and it accounts for serving 75 million customers on every week. The analysis of core purpose of Tesco indicates that it is identified as we make what matters better, together. This implies that the focus of the company has been towards providing high quality products and servi ces to their customers by way of working together with them. An analysis of Tesco Plc indicates that the group is operating in large range of businesses including food stores, telecom, banking, petrol stations, restaurants, Tesco tech support and many more (Tesco Plc, 2015). An analysis of Tesco Plc above indicates that the group is operating at a significantly larger level across both the domestic market as well as international markets. As a result, Tesco has significant level of responsibilities towards wider range of its stakeholders throughout the organisation. The performance of entire businesses needs to be positive so that they all can contribute towards higher level of growth and development. As Tesco has achieved such a higher position in terms of its overall performance in the entire retail industry, this has been a significant achievement for the entire group. However, it is essential that this higher level of growth in its performance should be carried out further with a view to make significant level of impact at the global level (Tesco Plc, 2015). The focus should therefore be towards improved level of business performance across all the major units of the group. But an analysis of Tescos performance indicates that there are various major areas that are not performing efficiently and they in turn, are affecting the overall profitability and business performance of the entire group. An analysis of the existing literature indicates a range of problems that are evident with respect to the performance of Tesco Plc. The business performance of Tesco is said to have adversely affected in the recent years, and the main reasons cited in the existing literature for such declining performance are many. It has been indicated in an article on Tesco eroded customer trust that Tesco is operating at such a larger level and there is a significant level of importance of the trust factor. The focus of management at Tesco should be towards maintaining higher level of trusty with its customers. However, the article indicated that Tesco has been f ailed to maintain trusts with its customers which has resulted into its lost sales. The customers have shopped across other major retailers operating in the country (Sir Terry Leahy: Tesco 'eroded customers' trust', 2015). The major reason cited for the lack of trust is mainly the ineffectiveness with respect to leadership that has been practiced across Tesco Plc. Under the leadership of Sir Terry Leahy, Tesco has achieved significant level of success and was successful in maintaining sound relationships with its customers. During his leadership, Tesco has achieved the leadership position in the industry. However, the leadership of Philip Clarke has destroyed the complete image of Tesco Plc and it has lost its share to other major players in the industry. The trust that has been built with customers over the years has been eroded completely, and this has been evident in terms of lost sales and also the declining revenue performance of the company. However, the impact of inefficient leadership is evident across various major areas that are operational at Tesco Plc (Sir Terry Leahy: Tesco 'eroded customers' trust', 2015). As for instance, the article indicates that Tesco has accounted with large number of experienced leaders developed over the years. Employees at Tesco were empowered to take decisions aimed at leading the organisation to higher level of success. However, under the inefficient leadership of Philips Clarke, majority of those experienced leaders were allowed to leave the organisation in a short period of time and this in turn has affected its overall performance conditions. This implies that the impact of inefficient leadership is also evident in respect to the management of human resources which has been a critical resource available to Tesco. However, this has not been utilised efficiently and the resulting impact is decline in the performance of Tesco Plc witnessed over years. This has been a major business problem that has affected the overall performance level of Tesco Plc. The lack of experienced and talented leaders has destroyed the trust that has been built over the years (Sir T erry Leahy: Tesco 'eroded customers' trust', 2015). This has not only the problem that has affected the performance of Tesco Plc, rather there are various other factors that are responsible for the declining overall business performance of the company. As for instance, there are frauds that are also evident in respect to Tesco Plc in 2014 whereby it was discovered that there has been the overstatement of profit being performed in the financial statements of the company to the extent of 250m. As a result of this, there has been a down fall with witnessed over the share price of the company, and there has been an immediate investigation being launched over the books of accounts of the company. This particular factor has acted in a negative manner over the performance of the company, and the price of shares fall down by 10pc. As a result of chances of corporate frauds, there were warnings that have also been issued to the company, but this has impacted the overall reputation of the company in an adverse manner (Ruddick, 2014). The management and governance problems are identified as crucial as they have affected the overall performance of the company in an adverse manner. The leadership by Philips Clarke has not that been effective in fostering efficient governance mechanism at Tesco and this has allowed for the issue of accounting frauds in its books of accounts. The analysis also indicates that there has been inefficient management being practices at Tesco Plc which has created adverse impact over its business performance. This inefficient management is evident over the managerial decisions that have been undertaken at Tesco. It has been analysed that Tesco has performed significant level of investment in developing infrastructure for its retail stores when the consumer behaviour have showed a complete change over their purchase decision making process. As for instance, it has been analysed that there has been higher preferences within consumers for online shopping of their groceries and amidst such grow ing online platform, such significant investment over the offline mode has been inefficient from the point of view of overall performance of the company (Warner, 2014). The image that has been built by Tesco over the years has been destroyed significantly over all the dramas and events at the company. The instances of corporate frauds along with the decline in the level of trust of customers, and also the inefficient leadership followed by loss of most efficient leaders and employees have all affected the overall brand image of the organisation. The resulting impact of such decline in the overall image of Tesco is negative over its business and profitability performance. As for instance, an analysis of the financial performance of Tesco Plc indicates that there has been decline being witnessed in respect to the revenue as well as net profitability performance of the company in last two years. The financial year 2013 and 2014 have witnessed a massive decline in both the revenue and profitability performance and this has been a significant problem faced by the organisation (Chapman, 2014). An organisation operates with a view to achieve profitability in its performance, and its all the efforts and processes are aimed at achieving higher level of profitability. Thus, the main indicator of the performance of a company is identified as its profitability performance. But this aspect is significantly lacking in respect to Tesco Plc and all this is because of the inefficiencies that have been noted throughout its performance. The operational inefficiency has contributed adversely and become the business problem to Tesco. The problems are not limited to these above identified problems, but there are significant other issues that have acted in a combined way and affected the performance of Tesco Plc in an adverse manner. As for instance, Wood (2014) indicates that the business problem related to the pricing factor has been a severe problem faced not only by Tesco Plc but the entire UK grocery retailers. The status quo of the UK grocery industry has been adversely affected beca use the German discounters Aldi and Lidl have penetrated the market with the lower level of prices. In respect to Tesco, it has been identified that the group has been quite late in responding to such move of competitors, and this in turn has affected the performance of Tesco in terms of lost market shares to its competitors. The inefficiency within its leadership and management has resulted into late response by the company towards such competitive move of lower price by its competitors. In addition to the above major problems that have been evident in respect to Tesco Plc, there are certain other areas that are also questionable from the point of view of efficient performance of the organisation. As for instance, an analysis of the case of Tesco indicates that the company is operating at a larger level and this exposes it to larger number of threats in efficiently performing its operations. In this relation, it has been evaluated that one such significant area whereby there are higher chances that the company is likely to face problem is mainly with regard to the attainment of sustainable performance of its business practices. Since Tesco is one of the largest grocery retailer, the chances that the organisation is exposed to sustainable issues in efficiently performing its operation are higher. This is mainly because Tescos business indicates that it is primarily focused towards grocery retail business and there are higher chances of sustainability issues in the pro cess. Thus, the analysis above has indicated about significant level of problems that have been faced by Tesco Plc and these business problems are massive as they have a direct level of impact over the profitability performance of the company. The business decisions including the identification of problems at Tesco Plc has necessitated the need to undertake efficient measures aimed at achieving improvement overall organisational performance. The Specific Research Objectives to be Addressed The specific research objectives that are being addressed through conducting this research work are analysed as follows: To perform a critical analysis of the overall performance of Tesco in order to identify the business related problems. To identify the problems existent in respect to both the financial and non financial areas of operations across Tesco Plc. To critically analyse the areas whereby Tesco Plc is lacking in its performance. To identify measures that could be utilised in order to address the problems as identified in respect to Tesco Plc. These specific research objectives are likely to be addressed from performing this research in a positive manner. Research Questions The conduct of this research will result into answering to specific research question which is What are the major business problems being faced by Tesco Plc and how they can be addressed in a positive manner? The conduct of this entire research will answer this question in particular. Critical Analysis of Research Methods This research is focused towards performing a critical analysis of the business problems that are evident in respect to Tesco Plc. In order to perform the analysis, the researcher is required to perform the collection of relevant data through the application of different data collection methods. This research on analysing the business problems at Tesco also requires the researcher to consider different methods through which the collection of most relevant data can be ensured. The researcher in this research has applied different research methods in order to collect data so that their analysis could result into the attainment of positive results concerning the research question for which the given research is conducted. There are important decisions that are required to be made in performing the collection of relevant data, and these decisions are mainly related to research design selection, and the data collection methods and techniques utilised in collecting data. It also includes d ecision concerning the sampling and the final sample as selected in performing the study (Walsh and Wigens, 2003). These aspects in relation to the given research on analysing the business problem at Tesco Plc are analysed as follows: Research Design and Data Collection Techniques Used: The decision with respect to the selection of appropriate research design is significant, and this is mainly because of the role as played by research design in the entire data collection process. Research design acts as a blueprint to the data collection process, as it guides the researcher throughout the entire data collection process. As a result, the selection of research design in an appropriate manner is essential. The research design not only explains about the research methods that have been useful in collecting data, but the philosophy behind using a particular research design is also explained by it. This signifies that the research design is crucial from the point of view of performing the entire collection of data in research. There can be the selection of qualitative research design or the quantitative research design by researcher in performing the collection of data. The qualitative research design is useful when the researcher is required to collect in-depth data for the purpose of addressing the research problem. Contrary to this, the quantitative research design is highly suited especially in respect to researches that require numerical data that can be quantitatively analysed in reaching an appropriate conclusion (Taylor, 2006). This research on analysing the business problem at Tesco Plc makes use of qualitative research design. This research design has been utilised by the researcher because the problem faced by Tesco Plc requires an in-depth analysis which could be carried out through the application of qualitative data. As a result, the researcher has focused towards collecting in-depth data in this research which has resulted into the efficient ways of addressing the research problems and issues in this research. This research design has been applied by way of applying specific techniques by the researcher. With the application of qualitative research design, it has been possible to the researcher in evaluating the problems faced by Tesco in a positive manner. Data Collection Techniques: In selecting the appropriate data collection techniques, the researcher is required to make a proper selection of the data collection methods through which the collection of relevant data can be performed. There are two important data collection methods that are available to researcher and these can be identified as primary data collection method and secondary data collection method. The role and importance of both these data collection methods is significant, as primary data collection allows for the collection of first hand data directly from the respondents. The secondary data collection method is concerned with the collection of data by way of assessing the existing literature especially the academic books, journals and online articles. The collection of data in this research is performed through the application of both these data collection methods. However, there can be the application of different techniques to collect data through both these methods. As for example, the data collection technique applicable in respect to primary data collection is mainly through survey, interview and observation technique whereas the secondary data collection can be performed through the application of literature review technique. This research on analysing the business problem at Tesco Plc involved the application of interview technique whereby the managers of Tesco Plc are interviewed in order to collect data about the business problems as encountered by the company. The secondary data has been collected by way of applying literature review technique whereby critical analysis of the online articles describing business problems faced by Tesco Plc are analysed (Creswell, 2003). In performing the collection of data through the application of interview technique, the researcher has visited the premises of Tesco Plc whereby the senior level managers have been approached and they were explained about the purpose of this research and the need for conducting interviews with their managers. Since the business problem at Tesco is quite a sensitive problem, the managers initially resisted and doubted on allowing for the interview, but upon considerable request and the satisfaction with respect to protecting the anonymity and confidentiality of responses have resulted into the permission to interview their managers. As a result, the researcher has interviewed the managers at Tesco in order to analyse the problems faced by Tesco Plc, and this interview has resulted into the collection of most relevant data in addressing the main research question. The positive aspect with the interview was that it has resulted into the collection of in-depth data by the researcher whi ch is crucial from the point of view of answering the research questions in the given research. The interview as carried out has lasted for more that 10 minutes and the data as shared by the respondents are recorded immediately so that their analysis could result into the better accomplishment of the research goals. Apart from this, secondary data has been collected by way of mostly examining the online articles that include description on the Tescos business problem (Muijs, 2010). In these ways, the collection of data has been ensured in a positive manner in this research with a view to achieve the main aim in a positive way. Sampling Process: In performing the collection of data, the researcher is required to make adequate level of consideration with respect to the selection of appropriate sample from whom the collection of data can be ensured in a positive manner. It is not feasible for the researcher to study the entire population and appropriate sample should be selected so that they could be studied and the findings from the entire analysis would be generalised over the entire population. In respect to this research on analysing the business problem at Tesco, the focus of the researcher has specifically been towards analysing the problems faced by the selected case organisation and as a result, the target population is the entire organisation. As there are various such departments and managers, it is not feasible to study all the departments and as a result, the sampling strategy considered to select a specific segment of the population is systematic random sampling strategy whereby the target respondents are selected on systematic basis. The managers are selected from few major departments such as CSR department, marketing and sales manager, supply chain managers and operation manager etc. The sample size that has been utilised for the purpose of collecting data is a sample of 5 different managers from Tesco plc. In these ways, the sampling strategy and process has been considered in performing analysis and thereby in selecting respondents in a positive manner (Berg and Latin, 2007). Final Sample Used: The final sample used in performing this study has been quite specific which is aimed at providing the most relevant and useful data needed in achieving the main aims and objectives of this research in a positive manner. The final sample that has been utilised in collecting relevant data about the business problems faced by Tesco is the group of managers from different departments within the organisation so that their viewpoint is likely to ensure the collection of most relevant data which is not readily available in the existing literature. This final sample as considered is highly effective from the point of view of identifying all the major problematic areas as faced by the company. The existing literature does not include all the major problems faced by an organisation because it is quite unlikely that such businesses would disclose their problems in the literature. Hence, the analysis of the business problems faced by an organisation can be possible by way of directly accessing the individuals working in it, and this is the result that the final sample as utilised in this research is mainly focused towards the most significant managers that could reveal important information with regard to the problems faced by the entire organisation. The entire analysis above indicates about the methodology that has been adopted by the researcher in performing the collection of most relevant data in this research. The research methodology has been highly significant from the point of view of addressing the main aims and objectives of this research in a positive manner. Data to be used in this Report The usage of appropriate data is quite crucial from the point of view of accomplishing the main aim of the research in a positive manner. Data are crucial from the point of view of performing the research in a positive manner. There can be different ways in which the collection of data can be carried out by researcher. This research is focused towards analysing the business problem as faced by Tesco Plc and the focus has mainly been towards a descriptive analysis of the problems that are encountered by it. In order to analyse this particular aim of this research, it has been quite crucial that there should be the application of appropriate data that should be performed by the researcher. With the application of appropriate data, it could be possible to achieve the best possible results for which the given research has been conducted. There has been specific collection of data that has been undertaken in this research. The types of data that can be considered by the researcher are mainly classified as qualitative data and quantitative data. These data types can be considered by the researcher in order to collect specific data needed in performing the research in a positive manner. The qualitative data type is crucial in allowing the researcher in collecting in-depth data because this particular data type focuses on the collection of subjective data in addressing the research problem under consideration. When the researcher is required to perform the analysis of the research problem in detail, this specific data type is highly crucial. Contrary to this, the quantitative research design is significant in terms of collecting the numerical based data whereby the viewpoints of large number of respondents are collected so that they can be analysed through the application of statistical analytical methods. This indicates that quantitative data has higher level of significance when the research purpose nec essitates the collection of data from large number of respondents (Wilson, 2010). Based on the nature of this research on analysing the business problem faced by Tesco, the research data type that has been considered by the researcher is mainly that of qualitative data because the analysis of the business problem requires the collection of in-depth data. Such collection of in-depth data regarding the various areas of problems as faced by Tesco Plc is crucial and as a result, there has been adequate level of consideration being made by the researcher especially in collecting such in-depth data relevant to identifying the problems faced by Tesco Plc. In terms of collection of data, as the researcher has focused towards collecting data by way of applying both the primary method and secondary data collection method, initially the data that has been used is mainly the data from secondary research in the form of accessing the existing literature and this is followed by the utilisation of data from primary research that has been conducted with the management at Tesco Plc . Thus, the qualitative data about various major problems that are evident in respect to Tesco Plc are utilised in this research for the purpose of addressing the research findings in a positive manner. The data as used in this report are specific to problems and these problems as considered are mainly from different areas within the organisation. It is not only the few major areas that have been considered in analysing the problems at Tesco, but the business problems related to all the major areas of operations within organisation are considered so that a complete analysis of the issues facing Tesco can be possible. This particular approach of the researcher in collecting data in respect to all the major areas of operations is crucial from the point of view of addressing the main aim of this research in a positive manner. This is mainly because such an approach of covering all the important specific areas of organisations operations to analyse the business problems is quite significant in terms of contribution towards attaining the research goals efficiently. It is not only the data related to the problems faced by Tesco Plc that has been considered in this research, but the resear cher has also specifically given attention towards identifying the solutions with respect to the identified areas of problems. Thus, the analysis above signifies that specific data in relation to the business problems faced by Tesco Plc is considered and also the data in relation to the solutions for such identified problems. Results This has been the most important section of this research, and it is primarily aimed at analysing the results that have been accomplished from applying different data collection methods by the researcher. As for instance, the main focus of the researcher in this research is mainly towards analysing the business problems that are evident in respect to Tesco, and in order to accomplish this, the researcher has considered the application of both the primary data and secondary data methods. The data as collected needs to be presented so that appropriate results can be achieved from their discussion and the main finding from the entire research is also positively accomplished. In this relation, the research as accomplished from the collection of both the primary data and secondary data are discussed as follows under separate headings: Collection of Data Specifically from Secondary Research: As indicated, the secondary research has been carried out in order to accomplish the main aim and objectives of this research. The secondary research in the form of analysing journals, books and online articles is carried out and this has resulted into the identification of core business problems as evident in respect to Tesco Plc. The results as achieved from the secondary research are indicated below in the form of critical evaluation of business problems facing Tesco Plc. According to an article by Ahmed (2014), the title is indicated as What went wrong with Tesco. This particular topic of the article indicates that something has went wrong which led to the claim by the author regarding such issues in respect to Tesco Plc. On the basis of critical evaluation of problem, it has been identified that the main business problem with Tesco is mainly related to its leadership. According to Harvard Business Review (2013), efficient management of businesses especially the grocery stores requires efficient level of leadership on the part of management that can guide the performance of the entire organisation. But an analysis of the case of Tesco Plc indicates that the main issue as faced by it is mainly in terms of leadership effectiveness which has been significantly lacking. There has complete absence of leadership effectiveness in respect to Tesco Plc which leads to the occurrence of lot many problems across the company (Ahmed, 2014). The problem as faced by Tesco is mainly in the form of inefficiencies on the part of leader Philips Clarke who has been responsible for bringing down the entire image of sound performing organisation Tesco Plc. Tesco has achieved the leadership position in the entire retail industry but its reputation has been adversely damaged by its leader Philips Clarke, as his decisions went ineffective in terms of addressing the marketing requirements and its resulting impact is evident over Tesco in terms its declining market share. The article indicates that Tesco lost around 50% of it market share and profitability in 2014 and all this is because of the inefficient leadership and decision making by the company. According to an article by Wood (2014), it has been analysed that there are certain major problems that have been faced by the company especially in respect to different important areas of its operations. The article indicates about the five major problems that are required to be addre ssed by the Tescos new boss. An analysis of the article in detail indicates that these major problems are related to areas such as the existent crisis situation as faced by Tesco Plc, the problem of price factor, store size, marketing brand and loyalty. These are identified as the most significant problems that are currently being evident on larger basis with respect to Tescos performance. An analysis of these problems indicates that the problem of crisis is mainly in terms of lost market share by the company against other major retailers in the industry. The inefficient decision by the leaders has resulted into the significant decline in the profitability performance of Tesco because there has been a massive decline in the revenue of the company being noted, and the resulting impact is ultimately over its profitability performance conditions. Secondly, the problem with respect to the price factor indicates that the company has not been able to efficiently compete with its competitors over the pricing factor. Th e other major players in the industry have lowered the prices for their groceries and other products and amidst such highly competitive environment condition, Tescos management failed to efficiently recognise such timely actions in addressing such pricing issues (Wood, 2014). Apart from this above pricing factor, the analysis also leads to identification that there has been problem faced by Tesco in terms of its store size. The role of store size is significant from the point of view of its overall performance conditions. An analysis of the case of Tesco Plc indicates that the store size of the company has been massive and there has been further decisions taken to expand the operations by developing its infrastructure to a higher level. This has also affected the performance of company in an adverse manner because there has been shift in the consumption pattern of customers to online mode. As a result of this, the huge investment as made by the company in the form of developing the infrastructure has become highly costly to the company and it has added up additional cost. The rising trend among customers for online shopping even for groceries has affected the performance of Tesco in an adverse way (Wood, 2014). Apart from the above major business problems as evident in respect to Tesco Plc, an analysis of the case of the company indicates that there are issues in respect to brand loyalty with respect to Tesco brand. As for instance, the case analysis of Tesco Plc indicates that the brand image of the company has been adversely affected mainly because of its declining performance levels in the recent years and there has also been inefficiency being noted especially with regard to the leadership effectiveness in respect to Tescos leaders. All these aspects have affected the performance of Tesco in an adverse manner, and this decline in the brand image of the company has been crucial from the point of view of its efficient performance. This has been a major factor that needs adequate level of attention on the part of management in order to regain its leading performance condition in the industry. There is a need to efficiently perform the marketing of brand and loyalty by the company in ensuri ng that it can gain its control back into the industry (Wood, 2014). Apart from the impact over the performance of Tesco in the above indicated manner, an analysis of the existing literature indicates that there are significant other ways in which the brand reputation of the company has been adversely affected. An analysis of the article on Tescos accounting problem indicates that the company is faced with significant level of impact over its brand image from the identification of accounting misstatements in its books of accounts in 2014. An analysis of the case of Tesco Plc indicates that the company has faced with significant level of issues in terms of its profit being misstated in the books of accounts to the extent of 250m. This has resulted into the questions being asked on the credibility of such company which has achieved significant level of growth and reputation in its entire history. There were certain thoughts being going on within the minds of public as to whether they would face another major collapse of successful company in the history , and this signifies a major impact over the performance of Tesco Plc (Tesco Accounting Problem, 2014). Overall, the analysis above has indicated about the problems that are evident in the literature with respect to the performance of Tesco Plc. These business problems as identified are significant and they are adversely impacting the profitability performance of the company. Collection of Data Specific from Primary Research: Apart from the collection of data specific from secondary research in the form of literature analysis, the researcher has also carried out the primary research in the form of interviews that have been carried out with different important managers of Tesco Plc. The performance of interviews has resulted into the attainment of significant level of findings. An analysis of the responses as gained from interviewing the managers at Tesco Plc is performed as follows: Findings from Question 1: The first major question assesses the overall experience of the managers being interviewed with respect to their role and responsibilities as being such a large part of the organisation. The responses as shared by five interviewed personnel indicate that they all have opined that they are highly valued and responsible as being a part of such large organisation. Since they are from different departments, they all have indicated that their role and responsibilities are different and they are efficient enough in performing their responsibilities efficiently. The interviewed managers have indicated their feelings that they feel pride as being the part of such large organisation and they therefore look towards contributing efficiently in achieving the organisational goals. In the view of manager handling CSR department, he was of the opinion that in 21st century, such large business as that of Tesco needs to account for their social responsibilities, and he and his department focuses adeq uately towards this aspect. The marketing and sales manager have indicated that they are focused towards creating positive image of their products and services offerings within their target customers and the operational manager is concerned with managing the operations of the organisation so that timely delivery of products and services through efficient management of different departmental functions within organisation can be ensured. In these ways, the feelings as indicated by the interviewed managers signify that they are highly valued as being the part of such large organisations. Findings from Question 2: In respect to this question, the interviewed respondents have indicated that the role of managers is crucial in large organisations. The management of different departments in an efficient manner through an effective level of coordination within them is crucial as indicated by the respondents and it is the managers that are primarily responsible for ensuring so. They have indicated that they are being part of such large multinational organisation, and they have specific responsibilities towards managing their own individual departments as per the strategic goals and responsibilities that are set by the top management. As per their opinion, management is core to efficient functioning of the entire organisation, and this has also been evident in respect to Tescos performance because according to them, the key driver for success behind the performance of Tesco is the effectiveness within its managers. This signifies that the opinion of interviewed managers suggests that the managers rol e is significant and they are also contributing efficiently towards accomplishing the organisations goals of achieving higher profitability performance in an efficient manner. Findings from Question 3: This question is highly specific in terms of the problems faced by organisations in performing the management of their operations and the role of managers in contributing positively towards accomplishing a problem free working environment condition. In respect to this particular question, the responses as shared by the interviewed managers signify that businesses should be kept away from creeping any problems in their business process. This particular response has been given by 4 out of 5 managers as interviewed as indicated below: Managers Responses CSR The CSR manager has indicated the role of managers as significant. Sales Managers have to look towards keeping the business free from making any error. Marketing Business problems should be kept at a distance. Supply chain manager There is no such importance of looking specifically towards business problems as they are automatically get managed. Operations managers Operational processes have higher chances of creating problems and they should be managed efficiently. The responses of the respondents clarifies that majority of them have positively agreed that there is a need to perform the management of different departments in an efficient manner so that business problems can be efficiently addressed and they can be restricted from occurrence. Findings from Question 4: This question assesses the existence of any problem at Tesco in terms of managements effectiveness and the viewpoints of the interviewed managers signify that they are faced with significant level of issues in their organisation. As for instance, an analysis of the case of Tesco Plc indicates that the interviewed managers clearly suggested that there are certain loopholes with respect to their managers effectiveness. In their opinion, their leader lacks leadership effectiveness that is essential from the point of view of performing the management of the entire organisation. The managers have indicated that leader in the organisation is responsible for taking up important decisions and measures, and leaders are responsible for guiding their subordinates in right direction. However, the case analysis of Tesco Plc implies the viewpoint of interviewed managers that their leader lacks sufficient level of effectiveness in performing the management of their entire organisation in an efficie nt manner. As per their opinion, their CEO has undertaken significant level of decisions that are contrary to efficient performance of the entire organisation, and as a result, they feel that there is declining overall performance situation being noted. The managerial effectiveness is reducing at Tesco as per the interviewed managers because the strong leaders that have been developed over the years are allowed to leave the organisation which results into inexperienced managers performing the management of important organisational departments. This signifies that there has been higher level of managerial ineffectiveness being identified in respect to Tesco Plc. Findings from Question 5: This question assesses the performance of Tesco in terms of its profitability performance conditions, and the viewpoints as shared by interviewed managers have clarified that there are certain major business problems that are quite clearly evident in respect to Tesco Plc. As per the interviewed managers, there has been a significant decline being noted especially in respect to the revenue performance of the company, as they have indicated that revenue of Tesco Plc has declined heavily in last two years. Such a decline in the revenue has not only affected the performance, but there has also been decline in the overall profitability of the company. Despite being the leader in the industry, Tesco has encountered significant level of problems in achieving higher revenue level and ultimately in maintaining profitability performance. As per the viewpoint as shared by respondents, they have indicated that a stronger foundation has been laid down by the previous CEOs which should have been u tilised to achieving higher growth and sustainable performance conditions. However, the current leaders and managers have failed to exploit the opportunities as created by previous managers and this in turn has affected the profitability performance in a negative manner. Overall, there has been declining profitability performance being witnessed by Tesco despite a stronger foundation has been developed by its previous CEOs. Findings from Question 6: This question evaluates the viewpoint of respondents concerning whether Tesco has been able to respond to changes in the external environment and the performance of interview has indicated findings that four of the five managers have indicated that they are not able to respond to the external market requirements in an efficient manner. Their viewpoints as shared by them are indicated below: Managers Responses CSR Tesco has loopholes in terms of complying with its social responsibilities as required by the external environment. Sales Tesco revenue has declined because of its inability in meeting out external environment requirements in terms of price Marketing The pricing factor has not adequately being satisfied by the Tesco Plc. Supply chain manager There is no such issue in the external environment Operations managers The organisation fails to comply with the changes in the external environment. The above responses by the respondents clarifies that there has been higher level of agreement being identified in respect to the managers as interviewed with respect to their external environmental responsibilities. As for instance, the responses of managers indicate that the external environment requirements mainly in terms of price has not been adequately addressed by Tescos leader which leads to declining performance condition of the company. The price factor in particular suggests that Tesco has not been able to address the move of its competitors to lower the prices on timely basis and as a result, it has witnessed a decline in its entire performance levels. This suggests that the leadership ineffectiveness persists in respect to Tesco which leads to inefficient decisions being undertaken in addressing the external environment requirements and the resulting impact is therefore inefficient performance by the company. It is not only the pricing factor but there has been higher overall responsibility of Tesco towards the development of social and environmental performance conditions. However, from the viewpoint as shared by respondents especially the CSR manager, it has been evaluated that Tesco has been unable to comply across all the major areas in performing the management of its operations in a sustainable manner. In the viewpoint of interviewed manager, it has been assessed that there has higher overall indication of social responsibilities being made in the website of the company, but this has not actually been accomplished in respect to the companys actual performance condition. All these aspects clarifies that there has not been adequate level of satisfaction of the external environmental requirements by the company, and this has put challenges in terms of overall profitable performance level. Overall, the viewpoint as shared has indicated that the company fails to address the external envi ronment challenges faced by it in an efficient manner by devising appropriate strategies for it. Findings from Question 7: This question specifically analyses the viewpoint of respondents with respect to the frauds that have been noted especially in respect to its books in 2014 in terms of misstatement of profit in the financial statement. On the basis of performance of analysis, it has been evaluated that the interviewed managers have indicated that they have also heard about the misstatement of profitability performance in the books of accounts of company. This has been a negative factor being identified from the point of view of overall branding and reputation of the company. It has been evaluated in particular that there are claims by people that there has been chances of big corporate frauds that are likely to be evident in respect to companys performance and this may be a big scandal if the litigations on the company on misstating its profits are proved. However, from the point of view of overall performance condition of Tesco, this particular fraudulent practice has affected its overall reputation in an adverse manner. This can be regarded as a major financial risk in respect to the performance of Tesco Plc and it has been a crucial factor that could even cause the demise of the entire organisation. Thus, from the point of view of overall risk to business, it has been considered as significantly higher and may lead to negative impact over the performance of Tesco Plc. Findings from Question 8: This question assesses whether the overall reputation of the company is affected over the years either positively or negatively and the conduct of analysis has indicated findings that 3 such managers have indicated that there has negative impact over the reputation of Tesco Plc whereas the two other managers have suggested that the impact has been positive over the Tescos brand reputation and image. As for instance, the conduct of analysis has indicated that majority of the managers have given their opinion that the performance of Tesco has been negatively affected mainly because of the fact that the recent years have witnessed a significant decline in their performance. This has negative overall impact over their performance level and this is the reason why managers have indicated that they have experienced negative brand image and reputation of the company. The CSR manager including the sales and marketing manager in particular has indicated that the company has witnessed a decline in its performance level mainly in the last two financial years and this in turn has affected the revenue and profitability of the company. Contrary to this, the other two managers are of the opinion that the performance of the company has been efficient and they have achieved higher level of brand reputation and image over the years. Overall, the viewpoints of respondents in particular suggests that the performance of Tesco has affected in a negative way in the recent years, and this has attributed adverse negative branding and image of the company. Findings from Question 9: This question in particular assesses whether the company has achieved sustainable performance in respect to its operations, and the conduct of interview has indicated findings that four of the managers have suggested that Tesco pays adequate level of attention especially in achieving efficient environmental and sustainable performance, but the opinion of CSR manager indicated that there has been certain major loopholes that still persists in respect to the performance of Tesco. In his opinion, although CSR efforts and measures are significant from the point of view of achieving highly efficient performance conditions, yet there are certain major areas that may have left the focus of the company, and this subsequently raises sustainability in respect to companys performance. The CSR manager is of the opinion that Tesco is operating at a larger level and as a result, there are higher chances that some thing would get missed and this has resulted into sustainability issues on the part o f companies. This implies that sustainability issues are also being evident in respect to the performance of Tesco Plc and this issue has been quite inherent to its operations which are not indicated in the existing literature. Findings from Question 10: This question requires the respondents to recommend the ways in which the identified business problems can be efficiently addressed. The performance of interview has indicated findings that there have been certain major recommendations being provided by the interviewed managers for the purpose of achieving higher level of efficiency over the organisations performance. The conduct of analysis has indicated that almost all the five managers have necessitated the need to consider efficient leadership in operation. This implies that there should be highly efficient leadership needed in reshaping the declining image of the company because the image has been deteriorated in the last two to three years under the leadership of Philips Clarke. Thus, the problems at Tesco can be majorly addressed by way of specifically considering the improvement over the leadership because managerial effectiveness is the major factor that has been identified as lacking and this can therefore be efficiently ad dressed by way of enhancing the leadership position in the organisation. Apart from this, the managers have also recommended that there is a need to consider the strategic moves in a manner that addresses the external environment conditions efficiently and on timely basis. This implies that there is a need to devise appropriate strategies through which timely responses to external environment can be ensured and the organisation can better address the need of customers in a positive manner. In addition to this, recommendations are also made in respect to focusing more towards achieving sustainable performance by the business. Thus, the entire findings as achieved from the performance of this research in the form of interviews are highly effective and they can be utilised in accomplishing the main aim of this research in a significant way. Discussion On the basis of data as collected through the primary research in the form of interviews with the managers of Tesco Plc and also by way of literature search, the researcher has gained accessibility to sufficient level of data which can be utilised in order to achieve the research results. On the basis of data as collected and analysed above, it has been discussed that Tesco is a large grocery retailer that is operating at a significantly higher level. As a result, the analysis leads to identification that there has been significant level of issues being noted in respect to the performance of Tesco Plc because of its operations being carried out at such a larger level. The analysis leads to discussion that business problem at Tesco are crucial because they have affected not only the performance of the company, but the brand reputation also gets adversely impacted of it. As for instance, the analysis leads to discussion that the most significant problem in particular as evident in resp ect to the performance of Tesco Plc is mainly in terms of the leadership ineffectiveness. This leadership ineffectiveness is regarded as the major problem as faced by the company and this is mainly because of leadership ineffectiveness as it caused the other problems to take place. As a result, this can be regarded as a major problem evident in respect to the companys overall performance and there is a need to undertake measures that could efficiently address this issue as faced by the organisation. This leadership ineffectiveness has affected the ability of management in taking important and crucial decisions on timely basis and as a result of this, there has been loss of market shares being evident in respect to Tesco Plc as against its competitors. This is therefore regarded as a major problem and its solution is essential from the point of view of achieving higher level of success by Tesco Plc. As a result of this leadership ineffectiveness, it has also been assessed that the organisation has been inefficient in managing its human resources in an efficient manner beca use the most significant and talented leaders and workforce have been allowed to leave the organisation at quick interval. This has therefore been regarded as a major problem in respect to Tesco Plc and appropriate solution is needed so that all the problems as faced by the organisation can be resolved. The analysis has resulted into the discussion that there are significant other problems that are evident in respect to the overall performance level of the company. As for instance, the business problems as identified in respect to Tesco Plc indicates that the company has faced with the pricing issues whereby the company has not made timely decisions to lower down the prices for its products and services and it has thereby lost its market share in front of its competitors. Apart from this, there has also been the loss of brand reputation being identified in respect to the company because of large number of problems in it. The company has involved into certain kinds of fraudulent activities in the form of misstatements in its books of account, and there has also been the involvement of the company in practices that requires sustainable measures but they are not practically been considered. Overall, the entire analysis as carried out has resulted into the discussion that there are significant level of business problems that have creep into the business processes of the organisation. The problems are highly significant as they have directly affected the performance of the company in a negative way. The profitability performance of Tesco gets adversely affected as a result of such business problems, as company has witnessed decline not only on its revenue, but there has also been a decline being identified in respect to the profitability from its operations. Thus, the entire analysis has resulted into the identification of lot many problems which have created issues to the company in sustaining its leadership position in the industry. On the basis of performance of analysis as carried out above, it has been discussed that the necessary strategies needed are mainly in terms of changing the leadership performance which has been significantly lacking in respect to Tescos per formance. Since this has been the root cause of the problem being noted in respect to Tesco plc, it is essential that it should be addressed in order to ensure that all other problems get efficiently resolved. Implication for the Business Decision or Problem On the basis of entire analysis as carried out in respect to Tesco Plc with respect to the business problems faced by it, it has been evaluated that there are significant level of problems being identified in respect to companys performance. Based on the analysis as carried out in the entire research, the implication as noted in respect to the business decision making process is that the business problems as identified are highly significant in terms of affecting the entire organisations performance in a negative way. The problems as identified are extremely crucial that requires immediate attention on the part of management at Tesco to undertake efficient measures that could address the organisations performance in an efficient manner. The analysis leads to identification that Tesco has developed its sound image in the entire retail industry over years and it takes little time to lose all its brand reputation that has been developed over the years. As a result, the business implication with respect to the identified problems is that Tesco should make adequate level of planning and should undertake measures that could allow it in efficiently addressing the problems as sustained by it in its operations. The major loophole as identified is especially in respect to the leadership issues at Tesco and this need to be efficiently addressed so that it can regain its lost market share and can efficiently address all the major loopholes across different major organisational processes faced by it. From the entire analysis as carried out, the business implication is that the management not only needs to be changed, but there should be proactive measures that should be included with a view to target the recovery of the brand im age and ultimately the organisations performance levels. The leadership position that has been left earlier by the previous CEOs need to be regained so that Tesco can create dominant impact within its target audience. Overall, the entire research as carried out proves to be highly effective from the point of view of addressing the main aim for which it has been conducted. The research is mainly focused towards identifying the business problems that are evident in respect to Tesco Plc and the conduct of entire analysis has indicated findings that there are large range of issues being faced by Tesco in its business performance, and there is a need for efficient measures in terms of improving the leadership effectiveness in respect to Tesco Plc that is required by it. On the basis of analysis, the suitable recommendations as identified for the purpose of achieving improvement in its performance are to focus towards enhancing its reputation in the industry and also towards ensuring that the strategic decision are undertaken on timely basis so that the problems as faced by the organisation are efficiently addressed. References Ahmed, K. (2014). Tesco, what went wrong? Berg, K.E. and Latin, R.W. (2007). Essentials of research methods in health, physical education, exercise science, and recreation Point. (3rd ed.), Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 2nd ed, UK: Publisher SAGE. Chapman, M. (2014). Analysis: Tesco's image problem must be addressed by new boss Dave Lewis Harvard Business Review, (2013). Harvard Business Review on Finding Keeping the Best People. Harvard Business Press. Muijs, D. (2010). Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. (2nd ed.), SAGE Publications Ltd. Ruddick, G. (2014). Tesco accounting scandal QA: what happens next? Sir Terry Leahy: Tesco 'eroded customers' trust', (2015) Tesco Plc, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=10 [Accessed: 22 January 2015]. Taylor, R.H. (2006). Research Methodology: A Guide for Researchers in Management and Social Sciences. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Tesco Accounting Problem, (2014). Warner, J. (2014). Problems by the bagful for beleaguered Tesco . Wood, Z. (2014). Five problems for Tesco's new boss to deal with. Walsh, M. and Wigens, L. (2003). Introduction to Research. UK: Nelson Thornes. Wilson, J. (2010). Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project. SAGE Publications Ltd. Appendix Questions for Interviews Q1: Tesco has been one of the largest companies in UK. How do you feel as been the part of such a large organisation or your responsibilities in organisation? Q2: What do you think is the managers role in performing the overall management of organisation efficiently and how do you address your role in the organisation? Q3: Do you think that businesses should be kept away from any problems within the organisation? If yes, what do you think that specific departmental managers like you would contribute positively towards any major problems within organisation? Q4: Is there any business problems related to the management effectiveness being evident at Tesco Plc? If yes, please discuss in detail? Q5: Is there any negative profitability performance being evident in respect to Tesco Plc in the recent years? What were its major causes? Q6: Has Tesco been able to respond to the changes in the external environment conditions? Please explain in detail. Q7: Frauds in the books of accounts in respect to Tesco Plc in the form of profit misstatement being identified in 2014. Is it true? Please explain. Q8: Has the overall reputation of the company being affected over the years? Please explain Q9: Has the company been able to efficiently address the sustainability performance in its operations? If no, please explain Q10: Finally, what would you recommend in ensuring that the business problems at Tesco can be efficiently addressed?